Changeset 7467

Timestamp:

Sep 2, 2009, 5:03:04 PM (15 years ago)

Author:

ole

Message:

Added new speed images from Kristy and added reference to NOAA data

Location:

anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008

Files:

• appendix.tex (modified) (3 diffs)
• data.tex (modified) (3 diffs)
• results.tex (modified) (4 diffs)
• sensitivity.tex (modified) (2 diffs)

anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008/appendix.tex

@@ -37 +37 @@
 \end{figure}
 
-%\begin{figure}[ht]
-%\begin{center}
-%\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_f0_0003_speed}
-%\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_f0_03_speed}
-%\caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations
-%  found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_friction}. The
-%  reference flow speeds are shown in Figure \protect
-%  \ref{fig:reference_model} (right).}
-%\label{fig:sensitivity_friction_speed}
-%\end{center}
-%\end{figure}
-% John: I do not think we need to show sensitivity to flow speeds
+\begin{figure}[ht]
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_friction_speed}
+\caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations
+  found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_friction}.}
+\label{fig:sensitivity_friction_speed}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
 
 
 \begin{figure}[ht]
 \begin{center}
-%\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_minus10cm_depth}
-%\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_plus10cm_depth}
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_boundary_wave}
 \caption{Model results with wave height at \textsc{anuga} boundary artificially
   modified to assess sensitivities. 
   The reference inundation extent is shown in Figure
-  \protect \ref{fig:reference_model} (left).  The left and right images 
+  \protect \ref{fig:reference_model} (left). The left and right images 
   show the inundation results if the wave at the \textsc{anuga} boundary
   is reduced or increased by 10 cm respectively. The inundation
@@ -68 +62 @@
 \end{center}
 \end{figure}
-FIXME (Jane): How and why was the +/- 10 cm chosen?
 
 
-%\begin{figure}[ht]
-%\begin{center}
-%\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_minus10cm_speed}
-%\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_plus10cm_speed}
-%\caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations
-%  found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_boundary}. The
-%  reference flow speeds are shown in Figure \protect
-%  \ref{fig:reference_model} (right).}
-%\label{fig:sensitivity_boundary_speed}
-%\end{center}
-%\end{figure}
+\begin{figure}[ht]
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_boundary_wave_speed}
+\caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations
+  found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_boundary}.}
+\label{fig:sensitivity_boundary_speed}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
 
 \begin{figure}[ht]
@@ -95 +86 @@
   buildings will increase the inundation extent beyond what was
   surveyed.}
-  
-  % FIXME (Ole): Include speed picture elsewhere
-  %The right hand image shows the corresponding flow speeds in the absence of buildings.  
-  %The reference results are as shown in Figure
-  %\protect \ref{fig:reference_model}.}
-\label{fig:sensitivity_nobuildings}
+\label{fig:sensitivity_buildings}
 \end{center}
 \end{figure}
 
+
+\begin{figure}[ht]
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_buildings_speed}
+\caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations
+  found in Figure~\protect~\ref{fig:sensitivity_buildings}.
+  As expected the presence of buildings reduce the flow speeds behind them, 
+  but tends to increase speeds in passages between buildings.}
+\label{fig:sensitivity_buildings_speed}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}

anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008/data.tex

@@ -82 +82 @@
   DBDB2, obtained from US Naval Research Labs 
   (\url{http://www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/DBDB2_WWW});
-\item a 3 second arc grid covering the whole of the Andaman Sea based
-  on Thai Navy charts no. 45 and no. 362; and  
-  (FIXME (OLE): wait for DB's reply) 
+\item a 3 second arc grid obtained directly from NOAA covering the 
+  whole of the Andaman Sea based on the 
+  Smith & Sandwell 2-minute 
+  dataset (\url{http://topex.ucsd.edu/WWW_html/srtm30_plus.html})as well as
+  Thai Navy charts no. 45 and no. 362; and  
 \item a one second grid created from the digitised Thai Navy
   bathymetry chart, no. 358, which covers Patong Bay and the
@@ -203 +205 @@
 \begin{figure}[ht]
 \begin{center}
-%\includegraphics[width=8.0cm,keepaspectratio=true]{patongescapemap.jpg}
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/post_tsunami_survey.jpg}
 \caption{Tsunami survey mapping the maximum observed inundation at
@@ -221 +222 @@
 the first wave between 9:55 am and 10:05 am local time or about 2 hours 
 after the source rupture.
-FIXME (Ole): We should add observed arrival time and later relate that to 
-the modelled dynamics. Wait for Drew's updated animation.
 
 

anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008/results.tex

@@ -186 +186 @@
 reasonable.
 
-\subsection{Inundation}
+\subsection{Inundation}\label{sec:inundation results}
 The \textsc{anuga} simulation described in the previous section and used to
  model shallow water propgation also predicts
@@ -230 +230 @@
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/threshold.jpg}
 \caption{Simulated inundation versus observed inundation using an 
-inundation threshold of 1cm (left) and 10cm (right).}
+inundation threshold of 1 cm (left) and 10 cm (right).}
 \label{fig:inundationcomparison1cm}
 \end{center}
@@ -265 +265 @@
 
 \subsection{Eye-witness accounts}
+
+\subsubsection{Arrival time}
+The arrival time of the first wave took place between 9:55 and 10:55 as described in
+Section~\ref{sec:eyewitness data}. The modelled arrival time at the beach is 10:01 
+as can be verified from the animation provided in \label{sec:inundation results}. 
+Subsequent waves of variable magnitude appear over the next two hours 
+approximately 20-30 minutes apart.
+% 10:01, 10:19, 10:46, 11:13, 11:43
+The first arrival and overall dynamic behaviour is therefor reasonably consistent with the 
+eye-witness accounts.
+
+\subsubsection{Observed wave dynamics}
 Figure \ref{fig:gauge_locations} shows four locations where time
 series have been extracted from the model. The two offshore time series
@@ -320 +332 @@
 \label{tab:depth and flow comparisons}
 \end{table} 
-FIXME (Jane): We should perhaps look at average data in area surrounding these points
 
 %can be estimated with landmarks found in

anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008/sensitivity.tex

@@ -44 +44 @@
 %========================Wave-Height==========================%
 \subsection{Input Wave Height}\label{sec:waveheightSA}
-The effect of the wave height used as input to the inundation model
-\textsc{anuga} was also investigated.
+Wave heights in the open ocean are 
+generally well predicted by the generation and propagation models such as
+\textsc{ursga} as demonstrated in Section \ref{sec:resultsPropagation} 
+and also in \cite{thomas2009}. Nevertheless, the effect of errors in 
+the wave height used as input to the inundation model \textsc{anuga}
+was investigated by perturbing the 
+amplitude of the input wave by $\pm$10 cm. This value was chosen to be larger 
+than the expected error in the amplitude predicted by the propagation model.
+
 Figure~\ref{fig:sensitivity_boundary} and  Table~\ref{table:inundationAreas} 
-indicate that the inundation
-severity is directly proportional to the boundary waveheight but small
+indicate that the inundation severity is directly proportional to the 
+boundary waveheight but small
 perturbations in the input wave height of 10 cm appear to have little
 effect on the final inundated area. Obviously larger perturbations
-will have greater impact. However, wave heights in the open ocean are 
-generally well
-predicted by the generation and propagation models such as
-\textsc{ursga} as demonstrated in Section \ref{sec:resultsPropagation} 
-and also in \cite{thomas2009}.
+would have greater impact.
+
 
 
@@ -63 +67 @@
 The presence or absence of physical buildings in the elevation model was also 
 investigated.
-Figure~\ref{fig:sensitivity_nobuildings} shows the inundated area 
-%and the associated maximum flow speeds 
-in the presence and absence of buildings. From 
+Figure~\ref{fig:sensitivity_buildings} shows the inundated area 
+in the presence and absence of buildings.
+From 
 Table~\ref{table:inundationAreas} it is apparent that densely built-up 
 areas act as dissipators greatly reducing the inundated area. 
-This result suggest that, when possible the presence of human-made structures 
-should be included into the model topography. Furthermore this result also 
-indicates that simply matching point sites with much lower resolution meshes 
+Figure~\ref{fig:sensitivity_buildings_speed} show the associated flow speeds in the presence and absence of buildings. It is evident that flow speeds 
+tend to increase in passages between buildings but slow down in areas behind them as compared to the bare earth scenario.
+These results suggest that, when possible, the presence of 
+human-made structures should be included into the model topography.
+Furthermore, these results also 
+indicate that simply matching point sites with much lower resolution meshes 
 than used here is an over simplification. Such simulations cannot capture the
-fine detail that so clearly affects inundation.
-%However, flow speeds tend to increase in passages between buildings.
- 
+fine detail that so clearly affects inundation depth and flow speeds.
+
+
 
 \begin{table}