| 1 | from anuga.shallow_water.shallow_water_domain import Inflow, General_forcing |
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| 2 | from anuga.culvert_flows.culvert_polygons import create_culvert_polygons |
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| 3 | from anuga.utilities.system_tools import log_to_file |
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| 4 | |
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| 5 | class Culvert_flow: |
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| 6 | """Culvert flow - transfer water from one hole to another |
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| 7 | |
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| 8 | Using Momentum as Calculated by Culvert Flow !! |
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| 9 | Could be Several Methods Investigated to do This !!! |
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| 10 | |
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| 11 | 2008_May_08 |
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| 12 | To Ole: |
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| 13 | OK so here we need to get the Polygon Creating code to create polygons for the culvert Based on |
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| 14 | the two input Points (X0,Y0) and (X1,Y1) - need to be passed to create polygon |
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| 15 | |
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| 16 | The two centers are now passed on to create_polygon. |
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| 17 | |
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| 18 | |
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| 19 | Input: Two points, pipe_size (either diameter or width, height), mannings_rougness, |
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| 20 | inlet/outlet energy_loss_coefficients, internal_bend_coefficent, |
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| 21 | top-down_blockage_factor and bottom_up_blockage_factor |
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| 22 | |
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| 23 | |
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| 24 | And the Delta H enquiry should be change from Openings in line 412 to the enquiry Polygons infront |
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| 25 | of the culvert |
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| 26 | At the moment this script uses only Depth, later we can change it to Energy... |
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| 27 | |
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| 28 | Once we have Delta H can calculate a Flow Rate and from Flow Rate an Outlet Velocity |
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| 29 | The Outlet Velocity x Outlet Depth = Momentum to be applied at the Outlet... |
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| 30 | |
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| 31 | """ |
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| 32 | |
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| 33 | def __init__(self, |
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| 34 | domain, |
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| 35 | label=None, |
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| 36 | description=None, |
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| 37 | end_point0=None, |
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| 38 | end_point1=None, |
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| 39 | width=None, |
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| 40 | height=None, |
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| 41 | diameter=None, |
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| 42 | manning=None, # Mannings Roughness for Culvert |
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| 43 | invert_level0=None, # Invert level if not the same as the Elevation on the Domain |
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| 44 | invert_level1=None, # Invert level if not the same as the Elevation on the Domain |
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| 45 | loss_exit=None, |
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| 46 | loss_entry=None, |
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| 47 | loss_bend=None, |
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| 48 | loss_special=None, |
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| 49 | blockage_topdwn=None, |
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| 50 | blockage_bottup=None, |
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| 51 | culvert_routine=None, |
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| 52 | verbose=False): |
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| 53 | |
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| 54 | from Numeric import sqrt, sum |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | # Input check |
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| 57 | if diameter is not None: |
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| 58 | self.culvert_type = 'circle' |
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| 59 | self.diameter = diameter |
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| 60 | if height is not None or width is not None: |
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| 61 | msg = 'Either diameter or width&height must be specified, but not both.' |
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| 62 | raise Exception, msg |
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| 63 | else: |
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| 64 | if height is not None: |
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| 65 | if width is None: |
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| 66 | self.culvert_type = 'square' |
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| 67 | width = height |
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| 68 | else: |
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| 69 | self.culvert_type = 'rectangle' |
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| 70 | elif width is not None: |
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| 71 | if height is None: |
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| 72 | self.culvert_type = 'square' |
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| 73 | height = width |
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| 74 | else: |
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| 75 | msg = 'Either diameter or width&height must be specified.' |
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| 76 | raise Exception, msg |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | if height == width: |
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| 79 | self.culvert_type = 'square' |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | self.height = height |
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| 82 | self.width = width |
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| 83 | |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | assert self.culvert_type in ['circle', 'square', 'rectangle'] |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | # Set defaults |
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| 88 | if manning is None: manning = 0.012 # Set a Default Mannings Roughness for Pipe |
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| 89 | if loss_exit is None: loss_exit = 1.00 |
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| 90 | if loss_entry is None: loss_entry = 0.50 |
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| 91 | if loss_bend is None: loss_bend=0.00 |
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| 92 | if loss_special is None: loss_special=0.00 |
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| 93 | if blockage_topdwn is None: blockage_topdwn=0.00 |
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| 94 | if blockage_bottup is None: blockage_bottup=0.00 |
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| 95 | if culvert_routine is None: culvert_routine=boyd_generalised_culvert_model |
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| 96 | if label is None: label = 'culvert_flow' |
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| 97 | label += '_' + str(id(self)) |
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| 98 | |
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| 99 | # Open log file for storing some specific results... |
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| 100 | self.log_filename = label + '.log' |
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| 101 | self.label = label |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | # Print something |
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| 104 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, self.label) |
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| 105 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, description) |
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| 106 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, self.culvert_type) |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | # Create the fundamental culvert polygons from POLYGON |
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| 110 | if self.culvert_type == 'circle': |
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| 111 | # Redefine width and height for use with create_culvert_polygons |
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| 112 | width = height = diameter |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | P = create_culvert_polygons(end_point0, |
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| 115 | end_point1, |
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| 116 | width=width, |
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| 117 | height=height) |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | if verbose is True: |
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| 120 | pass |
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| 121 | #plot_polygons([[end_point0, end_point1], |
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| 122 | # P['exchange_polygon0'], |
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| 123 | # P['exchange_polygon1'], |
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| 124 | # P['enquiry_polygon0'], |
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| 125 | # P['enquiry_polygon1']], |
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| 126 | # figname='culvert_polygon_output') |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | self.openings = [] |
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| 129 | self.openings.append(Inflow(domain, |
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| 130 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon0'])) |
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| 131 | |
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| 132 | self.openings.append(Inflow(domain, |
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| 133 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon1'])) |
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| 134 | |
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| 135 | |
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| 136 | # Assume two openings for now: Referred to as 0 and 1 |
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| 137 | assert len(self.openings) == 2 |
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| 138 | |
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| 139 | # Store basic geometry |
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| 140 | self.end_points = [end_point0, end_point1] |
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| 141 | self.invert_levels = [invert_level0, invert_level1] |
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| 142 | self.enquiry_polygons = [P['enquiry_polygon0'], P['enquiry_polygon1']] |
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| 143 | self.vector = P['vector'] |
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| 144 | self.length = P['length']; assert self.length > 0.0 |
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| 145 | self.verbose = verbose |
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| 146 | self.last_time = 0.0 |
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| 147 | |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | # Store hydraulic parameters |
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| 150 | self.manning = manning |
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| 151 | self.loss_exit = loss_exit |
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| 152 | self.loss_entry = loss_entry |
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| 153 | self.loss_bend = loss_bend |
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| 154 | self.loss_special = loss_special |
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| 155 | self.sum_loss = loss_exit + loss_entry + loss_bend + loss_special |
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| 156 | self.blockage_topdwn = blockage_topdwn |
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| 157 | self.blockage_bottup = blockage_bottup |
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| 158 | |
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| 159 | # Store culvert routine |
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| 160 | self.culvert_routine = culvert_routine |
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| 161 | |
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| 162 | |
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| 163 | # Create objects to update momentum (a bit crude at this stage) |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | |
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| 166 | xmom0 = General_forcing(domain, 'xmomentum', |
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| 167 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon0']) |
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| 168 | |
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| 169 | xmom1 = General_forcing(domain, 'xmomentum', |
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| 170 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon1']) |
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| 171 | |
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| 172 | ymom0 = General_forcing(domain, 'ymomentum', |
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| 173 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon0']) |
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| 174 | |
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| 175 | ymom1 = General_forcing(domain, 'ymomentum', |
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| 176 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon1']) |
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| 177 | |
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| 178 | self.opening_momentum = [ [xmom0, ymom0], [xmom1, ymom1] ] |
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| 179 | |
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| 180 | |
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| 181 | # Print something |
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| 182 | s = 'Culvert Effective Length = %.2f m' %(self.length) |
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| 183 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | s = 'Culvert Direction is %s\n' %str(self.vector) |
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| 186 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 187 | |
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| 188 | def __call__(self, domain): |
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| 189 | from anuga.utilities.numerical_tools import mean |
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| 190 | from anuga.utilities.polygon import inside_polygon |
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| 191 | from anuga.config import g, epsilon |
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| 192 | from Numeric import take, sqrt |
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| 193 | from anuga.config import velocity_protection |
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| 194 | |
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| 195 | |
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| 196 | log_filename = self.log_filename |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | # Time stuff |
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| 199 | time = domain.get_time() |
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| 200 | delta_t = time-self.last_time |
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| 201 | s = '\nTime = %.2f, delta_t = %f' %(time, delta_t) |
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| 202 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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| 203 | |
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| 204 | msg = 'Time did not advance' |
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| 205 | if time > 0.0: assert delta_t > 0.0, msg |
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| 206 | |
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| 207 | |
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| 208 | # Get average water depths at each opening |
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| 209 | openings = self.openings # There are two Opening [0] and [1] |
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| 210 | for i, opening in enumerate(openings): |
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| 211 | stage = domain.quantities['stage'].get_values(location='centroids', |
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| 212 | indices=opening.exchange_indices) |
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| 213 | elevation = domain.quantities['elevation'].get_values(location='centroids', |
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| 214 | indices=opening.exchange_indices) |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | # Indices corresponding to energy enquiry field for this opening |
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| 217 | coordinates = domain.get_centroid_coordinates(absolute=True) # Get all centroid points (x,y) |
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| 218 | enquiry_indices = inside_polygon(coordinates, self.enquiry_polygons[i]) |
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| 219 | |
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| 220 | if len(enquiry_indices) == 0: |
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| 221 | msg = 'No triangles have been identified in specified region: %s' %str(self.enquiry_polygons[i]) |
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| 222 | raise Exception, msg |
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| 223 | |
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| 224 | # Get model values for points in enquiry polygon for this opening |
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| 225 | dq = domain.quantities |
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| 226 | stage = dq['stage'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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| 227 | xmomentum = dq['xmomentum'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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| 228 | ymomentum = dq['ymomentum'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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| 229 | elevation = dq['elevation'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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| 230 | depth = stage - elevation |
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| 231 | |
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| 232 | # Compute mean values of selected quantitites in the enquiry area in front of the culvert |
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| 233 | # Epsilon handles a dry cell case |
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| 234 | ux = xmomentum/(depth+velocity_protection/depth) # Velocity (x-direction) |
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| 235 | uy = ymomentum/(depth+velocity_protection/depth) # Velocity (y-direction) |
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| 236 | v = mean(sqrt(ux**2+uy**2)) # Average velocity |
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| 237 | w = mean(stage) # Average stage |
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| 238 | |
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| 239 | # Store values at enquiry field |
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| 240 | opening.velocity = v |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | |
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| 243 | # Compute mean values of selected quantitites in the exchange area in front of the culvert |
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| 244 | # Stage and velocity comes from enquiry area and elevation from exchange area |
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| 245 | |
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| 246 | # Use invert level instead of elevation if specified |
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| 247 | invert_level = self.invert_levels[i] |
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| 248 | if invert_level is not None: |
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| 249 | z = invert_level |
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| 250 | else: |
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| 251 | elevation = dq['elevation'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=opening.exchange_indices) |
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| 252 | z = mean(elevation) # Average elevation |
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| 253 | |
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| 254 | # Estimated depth above the culvert inlet |
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| 255 | d = w - z # Used for calculations involving depth |
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| 256 | if d < 0.0: |
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| 257 | # This is possible since w and z are taken at different locations |
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| 258 | #msg = 'D < 0.0: %f' %d |
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| 259 | #raise msg |
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| 260 | d = 0.0 |
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| 261 | |
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| 262 | |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | # Depth at exchange area used to trigger calculations |
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| 265 | stage = dq['stage'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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| 266 | elevation = dq['elevation'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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| 267 | depth = stage - elevation |
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| 268 | d_trigger = mean(depth) |
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| 269 | |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | |
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| 272 | # Ratio of depth to culvert height. |
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| 273 | # If ratio > 1 then culvert is running full |
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| 274 | if self.culvert_type == 'circle': |
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| 275 | ratio = d/self.diameter |
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| 276 | else: |
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| 277 | ratio = d/self.height |
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| 278 | opening.ratio = ratio |
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| 279 | |
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| 280 | # Average measures of energy in front of this opening |
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| 281 | Es = d + 0.5*v**2/g # Specific energy in exchange area |
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| 282 | Et = w + 0.5*v**2/g # Total energy in the enquiry area |
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| 283 | opening.total_energy = Et |
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| 284 | opening.specific_energy = Es |
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| 285 | |
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| 286 | # Store current average stage and depth with each opening object |
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| 287 | opening.depth = d |
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| 288 | opening.depth_trigger = d_trigger |
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| 289 | opening.stage = w |
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| 290 | opening.elevation = z |
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | ################# End of the FOR loop ################################################ |
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| 294 | |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | # We now need to deal with each opening individually |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | # Determine flow direction based on total energy difference |
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| 299 | delta_Et = openings[0].total_energy - openings[1].total_energy |
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| 300 | |
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| 301 | if delta_Et > 0: |
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| 302 | #print 'Flow U/S ---> D/S' |
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| 303 | inlet=openings[0] |
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| 304 | outlet=openings[1] |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | inlet.momentum = self.opening_momentum[0] |
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| 307 | outlet.momentum = self.opening_momentum[1] |
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| 308 | |
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| 309 | else: |
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| 310 | #print 'Flow D/S ---> U/S' |
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| 311 | inlet=openings[1] |
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| 312 | outlet=openings[0] |
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| 313 | |
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| 314 | inlet.momentum = self.opening_momentum[1] |
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| 315 | outlet.momentum = self.opening_momentum[0] |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | delta_Et = -delta_Et |
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| 318 | |
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| 319 | msg = 'Total energy difference is negative' |
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| 320 | assert delta_Et > 0.0, msg |
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| 321 | |
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| 322 | delta_h = inlet.stage - outlet.stage |
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| 323 | delta_z = inlet.elevation - outlet.elevation |
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| 324 | culvert_slope = (delta_z/self.length) |
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| 325 | |
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| 326 | if culvert_slope < 0.0: |
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| 327 | # Adverse gradient - flow is running uphill |
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| 328 | # Flow will be purely controlled by uphill outlet face |
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| 329 | print 'WARNING: Flow is running uphill. Watch Out!', inlet.elevation, outlet.elevation |
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| 330 | |
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| 331 | |
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| 332 | s = 'Delta total energy = %.3f' %(delta_Et) |
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| 333 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | |
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| 336 | Q, barrel_velocity, culvert_outlet_depth = self.culvert_routine(self, inlet, outlet, delta_Et, g) |
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| 337 | ##################################################### |
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| 338 | barrel_momentum = barrel_velocity*culvert_outlet_depth |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | s = 'Barrel velocity = %f' %barrel_velocity |
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| 341 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | # Compute momentum vector at outlet |
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| 344 | outlet_mom_x, outlet_mom_y = self.vector * barrel_momentum |
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| 345 | |
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| 346 | s = 'Directional momentum = (%f, %f)' %(outlet_mom_x, outlet_mom_y) |
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| 347 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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| 348 | |
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| 349 | delta_t = time - self.last_time |
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| 350 | if delta_t > 0.0: |
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| 351 | xmomentum_rate = outlet_mom_x - outlet.momentum[0].value |
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| 352 | xmomentum_rate /= delta_t |
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| 353 | |
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| 354 | ymomentum_rate = outlet_mom_y - outlet.momentum[1].value |
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| 355 | ymomentum_rate /= delta_t |
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| 356 | |
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| 357 | s = 'X Y MOM_RATE = (%f, %f) ' %(xmomentum_rate, ymomentum_rate) |
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| 358 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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| 359 | else: |
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| 360 | xmomentum_rate = ymomentum_rate = 0.0 |
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| 361 | |
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| 362 | |
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| 363 | # Set momentum rates for outlet jet |
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| 364 | outlet.momentum[0].rate = xmomentum_rate |
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| 365 | outlet.momentum[1].rate = ymomentum_rate |
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| 366 | |
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| 367 | # Remember this value for next step (IMPORTANT) |
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| 368 | outlet.momentum[0].value = outlet_mom_x |
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| 369 | outlet.momentum[1].value = outlet_mom_y |
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| 370 | |
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| 371 | if int(domain.time*100) % 100 == 0: |
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| 372 | s = 'T=%.5f, Culvert Discharge = %.3f f'\ |
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| 373 | %(time, Q) |
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| 374 | s += ' Depth= %0.3f Momentum = (%0.3f, %0.3f)'\ |
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| 375 | %(culvert_outlet_depth, outlet_mom_x,outlet_mom_y) |
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| 376 | s += ' Momentum rate: (%.4f, %.4f)'\ |
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| 377 | %(xmomentum_rate, ymomentum_rate) |
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| 378 | s+='Outlet Vel= %.3f'\ |
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| 379 | %(barrel_velocity) |
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| 380 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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| 381 | |
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| 382 | |
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| 383 | |
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| 384 | |
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| 385 | |
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| 386 | # Execute flow term for each opening |
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| 387 | # This is where Inflow objects are evaluated and update the domain |
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| 388 | for opening in self.openings: |
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| 389 | opening(domain) |
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| 390 | |
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| 391 | # Execute momentum terms |
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| 392 | # This is where Inflow objects are evaluated and update the domain |
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| 393 | outlet.momentum[0](domain) |
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| 394 | outlet.momentum[1](domain) |
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| 395 | |
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| 396 | # Store value of time |
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| 397 | self.last_time = time |
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| 398 | |
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| 399 | |
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