1 | |
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2 | class Culvert_flow: |
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3 | """Culvert flow - transfer water from one hole to another |
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4 | |
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5 | Using Momentum as Calculated by Culvert Flow !! |
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6 | Could be Several Methods Investigated to do This !!! |
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7 | |
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8 | 2008_May_08 |
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9 | To Ole: |
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10 | OK so here we need to get the Polygon Creating code to create polygons for the culvert Based on |
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11 | the two input Points (X0,Y0) and (X1,Y1) - need to be passed to create polygon |
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12 | |
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13 | The two centers are now passed on to create_polygon. |
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14 | |
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15 | |
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16 | Input: Two points, pipe_size (either diameter or width, height), mannings_rougness, |
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17 | inlet/outlet energy_loss_coefficients, internal_bend_coefficent, |
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18 | top-down_blockage_factor and bottom_up_blockage_factor |
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19 | |
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20 | |
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21 | And the Delta H enquiry should be change from Openings in line 412 to the enquiry Polygons infront |
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22 | of the culvert |
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23 | At the moment this script uses only Depth, later we can change it to Energy... |
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24 | |
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25 | Once we have Delta H can calculate a Flow Rate and from Flow Rate an Outlet Velocity |
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26 | The Outlet Velocity x Outlet Depth = Momentum to be applied at the Outlet... |
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27 | |
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28 | """ |
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29 | |
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30 | def __init__(self, |
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31 | domain, |
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32 | label=None, |
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33 | description=None, |
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34 | end_point0=None, |
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35 | end_point1=None, |
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36 | width=None, |
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37 | height=None, |
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38 | diameter=None, |
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39 | manning=None, # Mannings Roughness for Culvert |
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40 | invert_level0=None, # Invert level if not the same as the Elevation on the Domain |
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41 | invert_level1=None, # Invert level if not the same as the Elevation on the Domain |
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42 | loss_exit=None, |
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43 | loss_entry=None, |
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44 | loss_bend=None, |
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45 | loss_special=None, |
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46 | blockage_topdwn=None, |
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47 | blockage_bottup=None, |
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48 | culvert_routine=None, |
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49 | verbose=False): |
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50 | |
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51 | from Numeric import sqrt, sum |
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52 | |
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53 | # Input check |
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54 | if diameter is not None: |
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55 | self.culvert_type = 'circle' |
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56 | self.diameter = diameter |
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57 | if height is not None or width is not None: |
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58 | msg = 'Either diameter or width&height must be specified, but not both.' |
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59 | raise Exception, msg |
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60 | else: |
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61 | if height is not None: |
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62 | if width is None: |
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63 | self.culvert_type = 'square' |
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64 | width = height |
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65 | else: |
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66 | self.culvert_type = 'rectangle' |
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67 | elif width is not None: |
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68 | if height is None: |
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69 | self.culvert_type = 'square' |
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70 | height = width |
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71 | else: |
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72 | msg = 'Either diameter or width&height must be specified.' |
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73 | raise Exception, msg |
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74 | |
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75 | if height == width: |
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76 | self.culvert_type = 'square' |
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77 | |
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78 | self.height = height |
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79 | self.width = width |
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80 | |
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81 | |
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82 | assert self.culvert_type in ['circle', 'square', 'rectangle'] |
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83 | |
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84 | # Set defaults |
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85 | if manning is None: manning = 0.012 # Set a Default Mannings Roughness for Pipe |
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86 | if loss_exit is None: loss_exit = 1.00 |
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87 | if loss_entry is None: loss_entry = 0.50 |
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88 | if loss_bend is None: loss_bend=0.00 |
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89 | if loss_special is None: loss_special=0.00 |
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90 | if blockage_topdwn is None: blockage_topdwn=0.00 |
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91 | if blockage_bottup is None: blockage_bottup=0.00 |
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92 | if culvert_routine is None: culvert_routine=boyd_generalised_culvert_model |
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93 | if label is None: label = 'culvert_flow_' + id(self) |
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94 | |
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95 | # Open log file for storing some specific results... |
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96 | self.log_filename = label + '.log' |
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97 | self.label = label |
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98 | |
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99 | |
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100 | # Create the fundamental culvert polygons from POLYGON |
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101 | P = create_culvert_polygons(end_point0, |
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102 | end_point1, |
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103 | width=width, |
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104 | height=height) |
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105 | |
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106 | if verbose is True: |
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107 | pass |
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108 | #plot_polygons([[end_point0, end_point1], |
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109 | # P['exchange_polygon0'], |
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110 | # P['exchange_polygon1'], |
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111 | # P['enquiry_polygon0'], |
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112 | # P['enquiry_polygon1']], |
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113 | # figname='culvert_polygon_output') |
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114 | |
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115 | self.openings = [] |
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116 | self.openings.append(Inflow(domain, |
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117 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon0'])) |
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118 | |
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119 | self.openings.append(Inflow(domain, |
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120 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon1'])) |
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121 | |
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122 | |
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123 | # Assume two openings for now: Referred to as 0 and 1 |
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124 | assert len(self.openings) == 2 |
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125 | |
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126 | # Store basic geometry |
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127 | self.end_points = [end_point0, end_point1] |
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128 | self.invert_levels = [invert_level0, invert_level1] |
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129 | self.enquiry_polygons = [P['enquiry_polygon0'], P['enquiry_polygon1']] |
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130 | self.vector = P['vector'] |
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131 | self.length = P['length']; assert self.length > 0.0 |
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132 | self.verbose = verbose |
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133 | self.last_time = 0.0 |
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134 | self.temp_keep_delta_t = 0.0 |
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135 | |
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136 | |
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137 | # Store hydraulic parameters |
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138 | self.manning = manning |
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139 | self.loss_exit = loss_exit |
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140 | self.loss_entry = loss_entry |
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141 | self.loss_bend = loss_bend |
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142 | self.loss_special = loss_special |
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143 | self.sum_loss = loss_exit + loss_entry + loss_bend + loss_special |
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144 | self.blockage_topdwn = blockage_topdwn |
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145 | self.blockage_bottup = blockage_bottup |
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146 | |
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147 | # Store culvert routine |
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148 | self.culvert_routine = culvert_routine |
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149 | |
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150 | |
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151 | # Create objects to update momentum (a bit crude at this stage) |
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152 | |
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153 | |
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154 | xmom0 = General_forcing(domain, 'xmomentum', |
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155 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon0']) |
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156 | |
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157 | xmom1 = General_forcing(domain, 'xmomentum', |
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158 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon1']) |
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159 | |
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160 | ymom0 = General_forcing(domain, 'ymomentum', |
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161 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon0']) |
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162 | |
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163 | ymom1 = General_forcing(domain, 'ymomentum', |
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164 | polygon=P['exchange_polygon1']) |
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165 | |
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166 | self.opening_momentum = [ [xmom0, ymom0], [xmom1, ymom1] ] |
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167 | |
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168 | |
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169 | # Print something |
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170 | s = 'Culvert Effective Length = %.2f m' %(self.length) |
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171 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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172 | |
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173 | s = 'Culvert Direction is %s\n' %str(self.vector) |
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174 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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175 | |
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176 | def __call__(self, domain): |
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177 | from anuga.utilities.numerical_tools import mean |
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178 | from anuga.utilities.polygon import inside_polygon |
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179 | from anuga.config import g, epsilon |
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180 | from Numeric import take, sqrt |
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181 | from anuga.config import velocity_protection |
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182 | |
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183 | |
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184 | log_filename = self.log_filename |
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185 | |
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186 | # Time stuff |
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187 | time = domain.get_time() |
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188 | delta_t = time-self.last_time |
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189 | s = '\nTime = %.2f, delta_t = %f' %(time, delta_t) |
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190 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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191 | |
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192 | msg = 'Time did not advance' |
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193 | if time > 0.0: assert delta_t > 0.0, msg |
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194 | |
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195 | |
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196 | # Get average water depths at each opening |
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197 | openings = self.openings # There are two Opening [0] and [1] |
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198 | for i, opening in enumerate(openings): |
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199 | stage = domain.quantities['stage'].get_values(location='centroids', |
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200 | indices=opening.exchange_indices) |
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201 | elevation = domain.quantities['elevation'].get_values(location='centroids', |
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202 | indices=opening.exchange_indices) |
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203 | |
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204 | # Indices corresponding to energy enquiry field for this opening |
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205 | coordinates = domain.get_centroid_coordinates() # Get all centroid points (x,y) |
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206 | enquiry_indices = inside_polygon(coordinates, self.enquiry_polygons[i]) |
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207 | |
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208 | |
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209 | # Get model values for points in enquiry polygon for this opening |
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210 | dq = domain.quantities |
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211 | stage = dq['stage'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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212 | xmomentum = dq['xmomentum'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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213 | ymomentum = dq['ymomentum'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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214 | elevation = dq['elevation'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=enquiry_indices) |
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215 | depth = stage - elevation |
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216 | |
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217 | # Compute mean values of selected quantitites in the enquiry area in front of the culvert |
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218 | # Epsilon handles a dry cell case |
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219 | ux = xmomentum/(depth+velocity_protection/depth) # Velocity (x-direction) |
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220 | uy = ymomentum/(depth+velocity_protection/depth) # Velocity (y-direction) |
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221 | v = mean(sqrt(ux**2+uy**2)) # Average velocity |
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222 | w = mean(stage) # Average stage |
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223 | |
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224 | # Store values at enquiry field |
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225 | opening.velocity = v |
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226 | |
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227 | |
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228 | # Compute mean values of selected quantitites in the exchange area in front of the culvert |
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229 | # Stage and velocity comes from enquiry area and elevation from exchange area |
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230 | |
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231 | # Use invert level instead of elevation if specified |
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232 | invert_level = self.invert_levels[i] |
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233 | if invert_level is not None: |
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234 | z = invert_level |
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235 | else: |
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236 | elevation = dq['elevation'].get_values(location='centroids', indices=opening.exchange_indices) |
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237 | z = mean(elevation) # Average elevation |
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238 | |
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239 | # Estimated depth above the culvert inlet |
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240 | d = w - z |
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241 | |
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242 | if d < 0.0: |
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243 | # This is possible since w and z are taken at different locations |
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244 | #msg = 'D < 0.0: %f' %d |
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245 | #raise msg |
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246 | d = 0.0 |
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247 | |
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248 | # Ratio of depth to culvert height. |
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249 | # If ratio > 1 then culvert is running full |
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250 | ratio = d/self.height |
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251 | opening.ratio = ratio |
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252 | |
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253 | # Average measures of energy in front of this opening |
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254 | Es = d + 0.5*v**2/g # Specific energy in exchange area |
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255 | Et = w + 0.5*v**2/g # Total energy in the enquiry area |
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256 | opening.total_energy = Et |
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257 | opening.specific_energy = Es |
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258 | |
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259 | # Store current average stage and depth with each opening object |
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260 | opening.depth = d |
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261 | opening.stage = w |
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262 | opening.elevation = z |
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263 | |
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264 | |
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265 | ################# End of the FOR loop ################################################ |
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266 | |
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267 | |
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268 | # We now need to deal with each opening individually |
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269 | |
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270 | # Determine flow direction based on total energy difference |
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271 | delta_Et = openings[0].total_energy - openings[1].total_energy |
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272 | |
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273 | if delta_Et > 0: |
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274 | #print 'Flow U/S ---> D/S' |
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275 | inlet=openings[0] |
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276 | outlet=openings[1] |
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277 | |
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278 | inlet.momentum = self.opening_momentum[0] |
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279 | outlet.momentum = self.opening_momentum[1] |
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280 | |
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281 | else: |
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282 | #print 'Flow D/S ---> U/S' |
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283 | inlet=openings[1] |
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284 | outlet=openings[0] |
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285 | |
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286 | inlet.momentum = self.opening_momentum[1] |
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287 | outlet.momentum = self.opening_momentum[0] |
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288 | |
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289 | delta_Et = -delta_Et |
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290 | |
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291 | msg = 'Total energy difference is negative' |
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292 | assert delta_Et > 0.0, msg |
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293 | |
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294 | delta_h = inlet.stage - outlet.stage |
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295 | delta_z = inlet.elevation - outlet.elevation |
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296 | culvert_slope = (delta_z/self.length) |
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297 | |
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298 | if culvert_slope < 0.0: |
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299 | # Adverse gradient - flow is running uphill |
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300 | # Flow will be purely controlled by uphill outlet face |
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301 | print 'WARNING: Flow is running uphill. Watch Out!', inlet.elevation, outlet.elevation |
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302 | |
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303 | |
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304 | s = 'Delta total energy = %.3f' %(delta_Et) |
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305 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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306 | |
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307 | |
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308 | Q, barrel_velocity, culvert_outlet_depth = self.culvert_routine(self, inlet, outlet, delta_Et, g) |
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309 | ##################################################### |
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310 | barrel_momentum = barrel_velocity*culvert_outlet_depth |
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311 | |
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312 | s = 'Barrel velocity = %f' %barrel_velocity |
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313 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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314 | |
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315 | # Compute momentum vector at outlet |
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316 | outlet_mom_x, outlet_mom_y = self.vector * barrel_momentum |
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317 | |
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318 | s = 'Directional momentum = (%f, %f)' %(outlet_mom_x, outlet_mom_y) |
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319 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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320 | |
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321 | delta_t = time - self.last_time |
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322 | if delta_t > 0.0: |
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323 | xmomentum_rate = outlet_mom_x - outlet.momentum[0].value |
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324 | xmomentum_rate /= delta_t |
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325 | |
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326 | ymomentum_rate = outlet_mom_y - outlet.momentum[1].value |
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327 | ymomentum_rate /= delta_t |
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328 | |
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329 | s = 'X Y MOM_RATE = (%f, %f) ' %(xmomentum_rate, ymomentum_rate) |
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330 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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331 | else: |
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332 | xmomentum_rate = ymomentum_rate = 0.0 |
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333 | |
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334 | |
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335 | # Set momentum rates for outlet jet |
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336 | outlet.momentum[0].rate = xmomentum_rate |
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337 | outlet.momentum[1].rate = ymomentum_rate |
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338 | |
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339 | # Remember this value for next step (IMPORTANT) |
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340 | outlet.momentum[0].value = outlet_mom_x |
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341 | outlet.momentum[1].value = outlet_mom_y |
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342 | |
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343 | if int(domain.time*100) % 100 == 0: |
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344 | s = 'T=%.5f, Culvert Discharge = %.3f f'\ |
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345 | %(time, Q) |
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346 | s += ' Depth= %0.3f Momentum = (%0.3f, %0.3f)'\ |
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347 | %(culvert_outlet_depth, outlet_mom_x,outlet_mom_y) |
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348 | s += ' Momentum rate: (%.4f, %.4f)'\ |
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349 | %(xmomentum_rate, ymomentum_rate) |
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350 | s+='Outlet Vel= %.3f'\ |
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351 | %(barrel_velocity) |
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352 | log_to_file(log_filename, s) |
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353 | |
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354 | |
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355 | |
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356 | |
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357 | |
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358 | # Execute flow term for each opening |
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359 | # This is where Inflow objects are evaluated and update the domain |
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360 | for opening in self.openings: |
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361 | opening(domain) |
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362 | |
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363 | # Execute momentum terms |
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364 | # This is where Inflow objects are evaluated and update the domain |
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365 | outlet.momentum[0](domain) |
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366 | outlet.momentum[1](domain) |
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367 | |
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368 | # Store value of time |
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369 | self.last_time = time |
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370 | |
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371 | |
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