1 | \section{Appendix} |
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2 | |
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3 | This appendix present the images used to assess the model |
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4 | sensitivities described in |
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5 | Section~\ref{sec:sensitivity}. |
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6 | |
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7 | \begin{figure}[ht] |
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8 | \begin{center} |
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9 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/reference} |
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10 | \end{center} |
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11 | |
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12 | \caption{Results from reference model as reported in Section |
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13 | \protect \ref{sec:results}, |
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14 | i.e.\ including buildings and a friction value of 0.01. |
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15 | The seaward boundary condition is as |
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16 | provided by the \textsc{ursga} model. The left image shows the maximum |
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17 | modelled depth while the right hand image shows the maximum modelled |
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18 | flow speeds.} |
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19 | \label{fig:reference_model} |
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20 | \end{figure} |
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21 | |
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22 | \begin{figure}[ht] |
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23 | \begin{center} |
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24 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_friction} |
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25 | \end{center} |
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26 | |
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27 | \caption{Model results for different values of Manning's friction |
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28 | coefficient shown to assess sensitivities. |
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29 | The reference inundation extent for a |
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30 | friction value of 0.01 is shown in Figure |
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31 | \protect \ref{fig:reference_model} (left). The left and right images |
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32 | show the inundation results for friction values of 0.0003 and |
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33 | 0.03 respectively. The inundation extent increases for the lower |
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34 | friction value while the higher slows the flow and decreases the |
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35 | inundation extent. Ideally, friction should vary across the entire |
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36 | domain depending on terrain and vegetation. This, however, is beyond the |
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37 | scope of this study.} |
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38 | \label{fig:sensitivity_friction} |
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39 | \end{figure} |
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40 | |
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41 | \begin{figure}[ht] |
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42 | \begin{center} |
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43 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_friction_speed} |
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44 | \end{center} |
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45 | |
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46 | \caption{The maximal modelled flow speeds for the same model parameterisations |
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47 | found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_friction}. |
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48 | The reference flow speeds for a |
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49 | friction value of 0.01 are shown in Figure |
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50 | \protect \ref{fig:reference_model} (right).} |
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51 | \label{fig:sensitivity_friction_speed} |
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52 | \end{figure} |
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53 | |
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54 | |
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55 | \begin{figure}[ht] |
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56 | \begin{center} |
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57 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_boundary_wave} |
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58 | \end{center} |
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59 | |
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60 | \caption{Model results with wave height at \textsc{anuga} boundary artificially |
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61 | modified to assess sensitivities. |
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62 | The reference inundation extent is shown in Figure |
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63 | \protect \ref{fig:reference_model} (left). The left and right images |
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64 | show the inundation results if the wave at the \textsc{anuga} boundary |
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65 | is increased or reduced by 10 cm respectively. The inundation |
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66 | severity varies in proportion to the boundary wave height, but the |
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67 | model results are only slightly sensitive to this parameter for the |
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68 | range of values tested.} |
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69 | \label{fig:sensitivity_boundary} |
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70 | \end{figure} |
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71 | |
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72 | |
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73 | \begin{figure}[ht] |
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74 | \begin{center} |
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75 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_boundary_wave_speed} |
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76 | \end{center} |
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77 | |
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78 | \caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations |
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79 | found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_boundary}. |
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80 | The reference flow speeds are shown in Figure |
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81 | \protect \ref{fig:reference_model} (right).} |
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82 | \label{fig:sensitivity_boundary_speed} |
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83 | \end{figure} |
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84 | |
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85 | |
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86 | \begin{figure}[ht] |
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87 | \begin{center} |
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88 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_buildings} |
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89 | \end{center} |
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90 | \caption{Model results show the effect of buildings in |
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91 | the elevation data set. |
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92 | The left hand image shows the inundation extent as modelled in the reference |
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93 | model (Figure \protect \ref{fig:reference_model}, left) which includes |
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94 | buildings in the elevation data. The right hand image |
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95 | shows the result for a bare earth model i.e. entirely without buildings. |
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96 | As expected, the absence of |
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97 | buildings will increase the inundation extent beyond what was |
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98 | surveyed.} |
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99 | \label{fig:sensitivity_buildings} |
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100 | \end{figure} |
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101 | |
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102 | |
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103 | \begin{figure}[ht] |
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104 | \begin{center} |
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105 | \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio=true]{figures/sensitivity_buildings_speed} |
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106 | \end{center} |
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107 | \caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations |
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108 | found in Figure~\protect~\ref{fig:sensitivity_buildings}. |
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109 | As expected the presence of buildings reduce the flow speeds behind them, |
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110 | but tends to increase speeds in passages between buildings.} |
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111 | \label{fig:sensitivity_buildings_speed} |
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112 | \end{figure} |
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