[7969] | 1 | #! /usr/bin/python |
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| 2 | |
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| 3 | # To change this template, choose Tools | Templates |
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| 4 | # and open the template in the editor. |
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| 5 | |
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| 6 | __author__="steve" |
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| 7 | __date__ ="$23/08/2010 5:18:51 PM$" |
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| 8 | |
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| 9 | |
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[7980] | 10 | import culvert_routine |
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| 11 | from anuga.config import velocity_protection |
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| 12 | from anuga.utilities.numerical_tools import safe_acos as acos |
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[7969] | 13 | |
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[7980] | 14 | from math import pi, sqrt, sin, cos |
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| 15 | from anuga.config import g |
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| 16 | |
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| 17 | |
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| 18 | class Boyd_box_routine(culvert_routine.Culvert_routine): |
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[7969] | 19 | """Boyd's generalisation of the US department of transportation culvert methods |
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| 20 | |
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[7980] | 21 | WARNING THIS IS A SIMPLISTIC APPROACH and OUTLET VELOCITIES ARE LIMITED TO EITHER |
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| 22 | FULL PIPE OR CRITICAL DEPTH ONLY |
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| 23 | For Supercritical flow this is UNDERESTIMATING the Outlet Velocity |
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| 24 | The obtain the CORRECT velocity requires an iteration of Depth to Establish |
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| 25 | the Normal Depth of flow in the pipe. |
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[7969] | 26 | |
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[7980] | 27 | It is proposed to provide this in a seperate routine called |
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| 28 | boyd_generalised_culvert_model_complex |
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[7969] | 29 | |
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[7980] | 30 | The Boyd Method is based on methods described by the following: |
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| 31 | 1. |
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| 32 | US Dept. Transportation Federal Highway Administration (1965) |
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| 33 | Hydraulic Chart for Selection of Highway Culverts. |
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| 34 | Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 5 US Government Printing |
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| 35 | 2. |
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| 36 | US Dept. Transportation Federal Highway Administration (1972) |
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| 37 | Capacity charts for the Hydraulic design of highway culverts. |
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| 38 | Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 10 US Government Printing |
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| 39 | These documents provide around 60 charts for various configurations of culverts and inlets. |
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[7969] | 40 | |
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[7980] | 41 | Note these documents have been superceded by: |
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| 42 | 2005 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, Hydraulic Design Series No. 5 (HDS-5), |
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| 43 | Which combines culvert design information previously contained in Hydraulic Engineering Circulars |
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| 44 | (HEC) No. 5, No. 10, and No. 13 with hydrologic, storage routing, and special culvert design information. |
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| 45 | HEC-5 provides 20 Charts |
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| 46 | HEC-10 Provides an additional 36 Charts |
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| 47 | HEC-13 Discusses the Design of improved more efficient inlets |
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| 48 | HDS-5 Provides 60 sets of Charts |
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[7969] | 49 | |
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[7980] | 50 | In 1985 Professor Michael Boyd Published "Head-Discharge Relations for Culverts", and in |
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| 51 | 1987 published "Generalised Head Discharge Equations for Culverts". |
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| 52 | These papers reviewed the previous work by the US DOT and provided a simplistic approach for 3 configurations. |
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[7969] | 53 | |
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[7980] | 54 | It may be possible to extend the same approach for additional charts in the original work, but to date this has not been done. |
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| 55 | The additional charts cover a range of culvert shapes and inlet configurations |
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[7969] | 56 | |
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| 57 | |
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[7980] | 58 | """ |
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[7969] | 59 | |
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[7986] | 60 | def __init__(self, culvert): |
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[7969] | 61 | |
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[7986] | 62 | culvert_routine.Culvert_routine.__init__(self, culvert) |
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| 63 | |
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| 64 | self.manning = culvert.manning |
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[7969] | 65 | |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | |
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[7980] | 68 | def __call__(self): |
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[7969] | 69 | |
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[7980] | 70 | self.determine_inflow() |
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[7969] | 71 | |
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[7980] | 72 | local_debug ='false' |
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| 73 | |
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[7984] | 74 | if self.inflow.get_enquiry_height() > 0.01: #this value was 0.01: |
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[7980] | 75 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 76 | log.critical('Specific E & Deltat Tot E = %s, %s' |
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[7984] | 77 | % (str(self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy()), |
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[7980] | 78 | str(self.delta_total_energy))) |
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| 79 | log.critical('culvert type = %s' % str(culvert_type)) |
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| 80 | # Water has risen above inlet |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | if self.log_filename is not None: |
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[7984] | 83 | s = 'Specific energy = %f m' % self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy() |
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[7980] | 84 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | msg = 'Specific energy at inlet is negative' |
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[7984] | 87 | assert self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy() >= 0.0, msg |
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[7980] | 88 | |
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| 89 | height = self.culvert_height |
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| 90 | width = self.culvert_width |
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| 91 | flow_width = self.culvert_width |
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| 92 | |
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[7984] | 93 | Q_inlet_unsubmerged = 0.540*g**0.5*width*self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy()**1.50 # Flow based on Inlet Ctrl Inlet Unsubmerged |
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| 94 | Q_inlet_submerged = 0.702*g**0.5*width*height**0.89*self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy()**0.61 # Flow based on Inlet Ctrl Inlet Submerged |
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[7980] | 95 | |
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| 96 | # FIXME(Ole): Are these functions really for inlet control? |
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| 97 | if Q_inlet_unsubmerged < Q_inlet_submerged: |
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| 98 | Q = Q_inlet_unsubmerged |
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| 99 | dcrit = (Q**2/g/width**2)**0.333333 |
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| 100 | if dcrit > height: |
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| 101 | dcrit = height |
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| 102 | flow_area = width*dcrit |
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| 103 | outlet_culvert_depth = dcrit |
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| 104 | case = 'Inlet unsubmerged Box Acts as Weir' |
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| 105 | else: |
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| 106 | Q = Q_inlet_submerged |
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| 107 | flow_area = width*height |
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| 108 | outlet_culvert_depth = height |
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| 109 | case = 'Inlet submerged Box Acts as Orifice' |
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| 110 | |
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[7969] | 111 | dcrit = (Q**2/g/width**2)**0.333333 |
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[7980] | 112 | |
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| 113 | outlet_culvert_depth = dcrit |
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| 114 | if outlet_culvert_depth > height: |
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| 115 | outlet_culvert_depth = height # Once again the pipe is flowing full not partfull |
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| 116 | flow_area = width*height # Cross sectional area of flow in the culvert |
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| 117 | perimeter = 2*(width+height) |
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| 118 | case = 'Inlet CTRL Outlet unsubmerged PIPE PART FULL' |
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[7969] | 119 | else: |
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[7980] | 120 | flow_area = width * outlet_culvert_depth |
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| 121 | perimeter = width+2*outlet_culvert_depth |
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| 122 | case = 'INLET CTRL Culvert is open channel flow we will for now assume critical depth' |
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[7969] | 123 | |
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[7984] | 124 | if self.delta_total_energy < self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy(): |
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[7980] | 125 | # Calculate flows for outlet control |
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[7969] | 126 | |
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[7980] | 127 | # Determine the depth at the outlet relative to the depth of flow in the Culvert |
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[7984] | 128 | if self.outflow.get_enquiry_height() > height: # The Outlet is Submerged |
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[7980] | 129 | outlet_culvert_depth=height |
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| 130 | flow_area=width*height # Cross sectional area of flow in the culvert |
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| 131 | perimeter=2.0*(width+height) |
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| 132 | case = 'Outlet submerged' |
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| 133 | else: # Here really should use the Culvert Slope to calculate Actual Culvert Depth & Velocity |
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| 134 | dcrit = (Q**2/g/width**2)**0.333333 |
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| 135 | outlet_culvert_depth=dcrit # For purpose of calculation assume the outlet depth = Critical Depth |
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| 136 | if outlet_culvert_depth > height: |
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| 137 | outlet_culvert_depth=height |
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| 138 | flow_area=width*height |
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| 139 | perimeter=2.0*(width+height) |
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| 140 | case = 'Outlet is Flowing Full' |
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| 141 | else: |
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| 142 | flow_area=width*outlet_culvert_depth |
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| 143 | perimeter=(width+2.0*outlet_culvert_depth) |
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| 144 | case = 'Outlet is open channel flow' |
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[7969] | 145 | |
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[7980] | 146 | hyd_rad = flow_area/perimeter |
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[7969] | 147 | |
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[7980] | 148 | if self.log_filename is not None: |
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| 149 | s = 'hydraulic radius at outlet = %f' % hyd_rad |
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| 150 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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[7969] | 151 | |
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[7980] | 152 | # Outlet control velocity using tail water |
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| 153 | culvert_velocity = sqrt(self.delta_total_energy/((self.sum_loss/2/g)+(self.manning**2*self.culvert_length)/hyd_rad**1.33333)) |
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| 154 | Q_outlet_tailwater = flow_area * culvert_velocity |
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[7969] | 155 | |
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[7980] | 156 | if self.log_filename is not None: |
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| 157 | s = 'Q_outlet_tailwater = %.6f' % Q_outlet_tailwater |
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| 158 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 159 | Q = min(Q, Q_outlet_tailwater) |
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| 160 | else: |
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| 161 | pass |
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| 162 | #FIXME(Ole): What about inlet control? |
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[7969] | 163 | |
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[7980] | 164 | culv_froude=sqrt(Q**2*flow_width/(g*flow_area**3)) |
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| 165 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 166 | log.critical('FLOW AREA = %s' % str(flow_area)) |
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| 167 | log.critical('PERIMETER = %s' % str(perimeter)) |
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| 168 | log.critical('Q final = %s' % str(Q)) |
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| 169 | log.critical('FROUDE = %s' % str(culv_froude)) |
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[7969] | 170 | |
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[7980] | 171 | # Determine momentum at the outlet |
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| 172 | barrel_velocity = Q/(flow_area + velocity_protection/flow_area) |
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[7969] | 173 | |
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[7980] | 174 | # END CODE BLOCK for DEPTH > Required depth for CULVERT Flow |
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[7969] | 175 | |
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[7984] | 176 | else: # self.inflow.get_enquiry_height() < 0.01: |
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[7980] | 177 | Q = barrel_velocity = outlet_culvert_depth = 0.0 |
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[7969] | 178 | |
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[7980] | 179 | # Temporary flow limit |
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| 180 | if barrel_velocity > self.max_velocity: |
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| 181 | barrel_velocity = self.max_velocity |
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| 182 | Q = flow_area * barrel_velocity |
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[7969] | 183 | |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | |
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[7980] | 186 | |
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[7969] | 187 | |
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[7980] | 188 | return Q, barrel_velocity, outlet_culvert_depth |
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[7969] | 189 | |
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[7980] | 190 | |
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| 191 | |
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