[8002] | 1 | import anuga |
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[7998] | 2 | import math |
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| 3 | import types |
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| 4 | |
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[8002] | 5 | class Boyd_pipe_operator(anuga.Structure_operator): |
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[7998] | 6 | """Culvert flow - transfer water from one location to another via a circular pipe culvert. |
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| 7 | Sets up the geometry of problem |
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| 8 | |
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| 9 | This is the base class for culverts. Inherit from this class (and overwrite |
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| 10 | compute_discharge method for specific subclasses) |
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| 11 | |
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| 12 | Input: Two points, pipe_size (diameter), |
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| 13 | mannings_rougness, |
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| 14 | """ |
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| 15 | |
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| 16 | def __init__(self, |
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| 17 | domain, |
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| 18 | end_point0, |
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| 19 | end_point1, |
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| 20 | losses, |
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| 21 | diameter=None, |
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| 22 | apron=None, |
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| 23 | manning=0.013, |
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| 24 | enquiry_gap=0.2, |
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| 25 | use_momentum_jet=True, |
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| 26 | use_velocity_head=True, |
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| 27 | description=None, |
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| 28 | verbose=False): |
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| 29 | |
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[8002] | 30 | anuga.Structure_operator.__init__(self, |
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| 31 | domain, |
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| 32 | end_point0, |
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| 33 | end_point1, |
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| 34 | width=diameter, |
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| 35 | height=None, |
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| 36 | apron=apron, |
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| 37 | manning=manning, |
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| 38 | enquiry_gap=enquiry_gap, |
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| 39 | description=description, |
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| 40 | verbose=verbose) |
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| 41 | |
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[7998] | 42 | |
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| 43 | if type(losses) == types.DictType: |
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| 44 | self.sum_loss = sum(losses.values()) |
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| 45 | elif type(losses) == types.ListType: |
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| 46 | self.sum_loss = sum(losses) |
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| 47 | else: |
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| 48 | self.sum_loss = losses |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | self.use_momentum_jet = use_momentum_jet |
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| 51 | self.use_velocity_head = use_velocity_head |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | self.culvert_length = self.get_culvert_length() |
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| 54 | self.culvert_diameter = self.get_culvert_diameter() |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | self.max_velocity = 10.0 |
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| 57 | self.log_filename = None |
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| 58 | |
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| 59 | self.inlets = self.get_inlets() |
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| 60 | |
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| 61 | |
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| 62 | # Stats |
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| 63 | |
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| 64 | self.discharge = 0.0 |
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| 65 | self.velocity = 0.0 |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | def __call__(self): |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | timestep = self.domain.get_timestep() |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | self.__determine_inflow_outflow() |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | Q, barrel_speed, outlet_depth = self.__discharge_routine() |
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| 75 | |
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| 76 | #inflow = self.routine.get_inflow() |
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| 77 | #outflow = self.routine.get_outflow() |
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| 78 | |
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| 79 | old_inflow_height = self.inflow.get_average_height() |
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| 80 | old_inflow_xmom = self.inflow.get_average_xmom() |
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| 81 | old_inflow_ymom = self.inflow.get_average_ymom() |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | if old_inflow_height > 0.0 : |
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| 84 | Qstar = Q/old_inflow_height |
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| 85 | else: |
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| 86 | Qstar = 0.0 |
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| 87 | |
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| 88 | factor = 1.0/(1.0 + Qstar*timestep/self.inflow.get_area()) |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | new_inflow_height = old_inflow_height*factor |
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| 91 | new_inflow_xmom = old_inflow_xmom*factor |
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| 92 | new_inflow_ymom = old_inflow_ymom*factor |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | |
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| 95 | self.inflow.set_heights(new_inflow_height) |
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| 96 | |
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| 97 | #inflow.set_xmoms(Q/inflow.get_area()) |
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| 98 | #inflow.set_ymoms(0.0) |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | self.inflow.set_xmoms(new_inflow_xmom) |
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| 102 | self.inflow.set_ymoms(new_inflow_ymom) |
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| 103 | |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | loss = (old_inflow_height - new_inflow_height)*self.inflow.get_area() |
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| 106 | |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | # set outflow |
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| 109 | if old_inflow_height > 0.0 : |
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| 110 | timestep_star = timestep*new_inflow_height/old_inflow_height |
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| 111 | else: |
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| 112 | timestep_star = 0.0 |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | outflow_extra_height = Q*timestep_star/self.outflow.get_area() |
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| 116 | outflow_direction = - self.outflow.outward_culvert_vector |
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| 117 | outflow_extra_momentum = outflow_extra_height*barrel_speed*outflow_direction |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | gain = outflow_extra_height*self.outflow.get_area() |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | #print Q, Q*timestep, barrel_speed, outlet_depth, Qstar, factor, timestep_star |
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| 123 | #print ' ', loss, gain |
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| 124 | |
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| 125 | # Stats |
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| 126 | self.discharge = Q#outflow_extra_height*self.outflow.get_area()/timestep |
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| 127 | self.velocity = barrel_speed#self.discharge/outlet_depth/self.width |
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| 128 | |
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| 129 | new_outflow_height = self.outflow.get_average_height() + outflow_extra_height |
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| 130 | |
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| 131 | if self.use_momentum_jet : |
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| 132 | # FIXME (SR) Review momentum to account for possible hydraulic jumps at outlet |
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| 133 | #new_outflow_xmom = outflow.get_average_xmom() + outflow_extra_momentum[0] |
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| 134 | #new_outflow_ymom = outflow.get_average_ymom() + outflow_extra_momentum[1] |
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| 135 | |
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| 136 | new_outflow_xmom = barrel_speed*new_outflow_height*outflow_direction[0] |
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| 137 | new_outflow_ymom = barrel_speed*new_outflow_height*outflow_direction[1] |
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| 138 | |
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| 139 | else: |
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| 140 | #new_outflow_xmom = outflow.get_average_xmom() |
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| 141 | #new_outflow_ymom = outflow.get_average_ymom() |
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| 142 | |
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| 143 | new_outflow_xmom = 0.0 |
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| 144 | new_outflow_ymom = 0.0 |
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| 145 | |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | self.outflow.set_heights(new_outflow_height) |
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| 148 | self.outflow.set_xmoms(new_outflow_xmom) |
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| 149 | self.outflow.set_ymoms(new_outflow_ymom) |
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| 150 | |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | def __determine_inflow_outflow(self): |
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| 153 | # Determine flow direction based on total energy difference |
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| 154 | |
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| 155 | if self.use_velocity_head: |
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| 156 | self.delta_total_energy = self.inlets[0].get_enquiry_total_energy() - self.inlets[1].get_enquiry_total_energy() |
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| 157 | else: |
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| 158 | self.delta_total_energy = self.inlets[0].get_enquiry_stage() - self.inlets[1].get_enquiry_stage() |
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| 159 | |
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| 160 | |
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| 161 | self.inflow = self.inlets[0] |
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| 162 | self.outflow = self.inlets[1] |
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| 163 | |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | if self.delta_total_energy < 0: |
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| 166 | self.inflow = self.inlets[1] |
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| 167 | self.outflow = self.inlets[0] |
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| 168 | self.delta_total_energy = -self.delta_total_energy |
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| 169 | |
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| 170 | |
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| 171 | def __discharge_routine(self): |
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| 172 | |
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| 173 | local_debug ='false' |
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| 174 | |
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| 175 | if self.inflow.get_enquiry_height() > 0.01: #this value was 0.01: Remember this needs to be compared to the Invert Lvl |
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| 176 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 177 | anuga.log.critical('Specific E & Deltat Tot E = %s, %s' |
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[7998] | 178 | % (str(self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy()), |
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| 179 | str(self.delta_total_energy))) |
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[8002] | 180 | anuga.log.critical('culvert type = %s' % str(culvert_type)) |
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[7998] | 181 | # Water has risen above inlet |
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| 182 | |
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| 183 | if self.log_filename is not None: |
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| 184 | s = 'Specific energy = %f m' % self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy() |
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| 185 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | msg = 'Specific energy at inlet is negative' |
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| 188 | assert self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy() >= 0.0, msg |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | if self.use_velocity_head : |
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| 191 | self.driving_energy = self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy() |
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| 192 | else: |
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| 193 | self.driving_energy = self.inflow.get_enquiry_height() |
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| 194 | """ |
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| 195 | For a circular pipe the Boyd method reviews 3 conditions |
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| 196 | 1. Whether the Pipe Inlet is Unsubmerged (acting as weir flow into the inlet) |
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| 197 | 2. Whether the Pipe Inlet is Fully Submerged (acting as an Orifice) |
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| 198 | 3. Whether the energy loss in the pipe results in the Pipe being controlled by Channel Flow of the Pipe |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | For these conditions we also would like to assess the pipe flow characteristics as it leaves the pipe |
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| 201 | """ |
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| 202 | |
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| 203 | diameter = self.culvert_diameter |
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| 204 | |
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| 205 | local_debug ='false' |
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| 206 | if self.inflow.get_average_height() > 0.01: #this should test against invert |
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| 207 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 208 | anuga.log.critical('Specific E & Deltat Tot E = %s, %s' |
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[7998] | 209 | % (str(self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy()), |
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| 210 | str(self.delta_total_energy))) |
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[8002] | 211 | anuga.log.critical('culvert type = %s' % str(culvert_type)) |
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[7998] | 212 | # Water has risen above inlet |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | if self.log_filename is not None: |
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| 215 | s = 'Specific energy = %f m' % self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy() |
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| 216 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 217 | |
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| 218 | msg = 'Specific energy at inlet is negative' |
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| 219 | assert self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy() >= 0.0, msg |
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| 220 | |
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| 221 | # Calculate flows for inlet control for circular pipe |
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[8002] | 222 | Q_inlet_unsubmerged = 0.421*anuga.g**0.5*diameter**0.87*self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy()**1.63 # Inlet Ctrl Inlet Unsubmerged |
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| 223 | Q_inlet_submerged = 0.530*anuga.g**0.5*diameter**1.87*self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy()**0.63 # Inlet Ctrl Inlet Submerged |
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[7998] | 224 | # Note for to SUBMERGED TO OCCUR self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy() should be > 1.2 x diameter.... Should Check !!! |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | if self.log_filename is not None: |
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| 227 | s = 'Q_inlet_unsubmerged = %.6f, Q_inlet_submerged = %.6f' % (Q_inlet_unsubmerged, Q_inlet_submerged) |
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| 228 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 229 | Q = min(Q_inlet_unsubmerged, Q_inlet_submerged) |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | # THE LOWEST Value will Control Calcs From here |
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| 232 | # Calculate Critical Depth Based on the Adopted Flow as an Estimate |
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[8002] | 233 | dcrit1 = diameter/1.26*(Q/anuga.g**0.5*diameter**2.5)**(1/3.75) |
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| 234 | dcrit2 = diameter/0.95*(Q/anuga.g**0.5*diameter**2.5)**(1/1.95) |
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[7998] | 235 | # From Boyd Paper ESTIMATE of Dcrit has 2 criteria as |
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| 236 | if dcrit1/diameter > 0.85: |
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| 237 | outlet_culvert_depth = dcrit2 |
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| 238 | else: |
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| 239 | outlet_culvert_depth = dcrit1 |
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| 240 | #outlet_culvert_depth = min(outlet_culvert_depth, diameter) |
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| 241 | # Now determine Hydraulic Radius Parameters Area & Wetted Perimeter |
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| 242 | if outlet_culvert_depth >= diameter: |
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| 243 | outlet_culvert_depth = diameter # Once again the pipe is flowing full not partfull |
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| 244 | flow_area = (diameter/2)**2 * math.pi # Cross sectional area of flow in the culvert |
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| 245 | perimeter = diameter * math.pi |
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| 246 | flow_width= diameter |
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| 247 | case = 'Inlet CTRL Outlet submerged Circular PIPE FULL' |
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| 248 | if local_debug == 'true': |
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[8002] | 249 | anuga.log.critical('Inlet CTRL Outlet submerged Circular ' |
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[7998] | 250 | 'PIPE FULL') |
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| 251 | else: |
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[8002] | 252 | #alpha = anuga.acos(1 - outlet_culvert_depth/diameter) # Where did this Come From ????/ |
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| 253 | alpha = anuga.acos(1-2*outlet_culvert_depth/diameter)*2 |
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[7998] | 254 | #flow_area = diameter**2 * (alpha - sin(alpha)*cos(alpha)) # Pipe is Running Partly Full at the INLET WHRE did this Come From ????? |
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| 255 | flow_area = diameter**2/8*(alpha - math.sin(alpha)) # Equation from GIECK 5th Ed. Pg. B3 |
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| 256 | flow_width= diameter*math.sin(alpha/2.0) |
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| 257 | perimeter = alpha*diameter/2.0 |
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| 258 | case = 'INLET CTRL Culvert is open channel flow we will for now assume critical depth' |
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| 259 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 260 | anuga.log.critical('INLET CTRL Culvert is open channel flow ' |
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[7998] | 261 | 'we will for now assume critical depth') |
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[8002] | 262 | anuga.log.critical('Q Outlet Depth and ALPHA = %s, %s, %s' |
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[7998] | 263 | % (str(Q), str(outlet_culvert_depth), |
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| 264 | str(alpha))) |
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| 265 | if self.delta_total_energy < self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy(): # OUTLET CONTROL !!!! |
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| 266 | # Calculate flows for outlet control |
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| 267 | |
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| 268 | # Determine the depth at the outlet relative to the depth of flow in the Culvert |
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| 269 | if self.outflow.get_average_height() > diameter: # Outlet is submerged Assume the end of the Pipe is flowing FULL |
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| 270 | outlet_culvert_depth=diameter |
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| 271 | flow_area = (diameter/2)**2 * math.pi # Cross sectional area of flow in the culvert |
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| 272 | perimeter = diameter * math.pi |
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| 273 | flow_width= diameter |
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| 274 | case = 'Outlet submerged' |
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| 275 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 276 | anuga.log.critical('Outlet submerged') |
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[7998] | 277 | else: # Culvert running PART FULL for PART OF ITS LENGTH Here really should use the Culvert Slope to calculate Actual Culvert Depth & Velocity |
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| 278 | # IF self.outflow.get_average_height() < diameter |
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[8002] | 279 | dcrit1 = diameter/1.26*(Q/anuga.g**0.5*diameter**2.5)**(1/3.75) |
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| 280 | dcrit2 = diameter/0.95*(Q/anuga.g**0.5*diameter**2.5)**(1/1.95) |
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[7998] | 281 | if dcrit1/diameter >0.85: |
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| 282 | outlet_culvert_depth= dcrit2 |
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| 283 | else: |
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| 284 | outlet_culvert_depth = dcrit1 |
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| 285 | if outlet_culvert_depth > diameter: |
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| 286 | outlet_culvert_depth = diameter # Once again the pipe is flowing full not partfull |
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| 287 | flow_area = (diameter/2)**2 * math.pi # Cross sectional area of flow in the culvert |
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| 288 | perimeter = diameter * math.pi |
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| 289 | flow_width= diameter |
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| 290 | case = 'Outlet unsubmerged PIPE FULL' |
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| 291 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 292 | anuga.log.critical('Outlet unsubmerged PIPE FULL') |
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[7998] | 293 | else: |
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[8002] | 294 | alpha = anuga.acos(1-2*outlet_culvert_depth/diameter)*2 |
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[7998] | 295 | flow_area = diameter**2/8*(alpha - math.sin(alpha)) # Equation from GIECK 5th Ed. Pg. B3 |
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| 296 | flow_width= diameter*math.sin(alpha/2.0) |
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| 297 | perimeter = alpha*diameter/2.0 |
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| 298 | case = 'Outlet is open channel flow we will for now assume critical depth' |
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| 299 | if local_debug == 'true': |
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[8002] | 300 | anuga.log.critical('Q Outlet Depth and ALPHA = %s, %s, %s' |
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[7998] | 301 | % (str(Q), str(outlet_culvert_depth), |
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| 302 | str(alpha))) |
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[8002] | 303 | anuga.log.critical('Outlet is open channel flow we ' |
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[7998] | 304 | 'will for now assume critical depth') |
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| 305 | if local_debug == 'true': |
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[8002] | 306 | anuga.log.critical('FLOW AREA = %s' % str(flow_area)) |
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| 307 | anuga.log.critical('PERIMETER = %s' % str(perimeter)) |
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| 308 | anuga.log.critical('Q Interim = %s' % str(Q)) |
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[7998] | 309 | hyd_rad = flow_area/perimeter |
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| 310 | |
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| 311 | if self.log_filename is not None: |
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| 312 | s = 'hydraulic radius at outlet = %f' %hyd_rad |
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| 313 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 314 | |
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| 315 | # Outlet control velocity using tail water |
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| 316 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 317 | anuga.log.critical('GOT IT ALL CALCULATING Velocity') |
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| 318 | anuga.log.critical('HydRad = %s' % str(hyd_rad)) |
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[7998] | 319 | # Calculate Pipe Culvert Outlet Control Velocity.... May need initial Estimate First ?? |
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| 320 | |
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[8002] | 321 | culvert_velocity = math.sqrt(self.delta_total_energy/((self.sum_loss/2/anuga.g)+(self.manning**2*self.culvert_length)/hyd_rad**1.33333)) |
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[7998] | 322 | Q_outlet_tailwater = flow_area * culvert_velocity |
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| 323 | |
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| 324 | |
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| 325 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 326 | anuga.log.critical('VELOCITY = %s' % str(culvert_velocity)) |
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| 327 | anuga.log.critical('Outlet Ctrl Q = %s' % str(Q_outlet_tailwater)) |
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[7998] | 328 | if self.log_filename is not None: |
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| 329 | s = 'Q_outlet_tailwater = %.6f' %Q_outlet_tailwater |
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| 330 | log_to_file(self.log_filename, s) |
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| 331 | Q = min(Q, Q_outlet_tailwater) |
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| 332 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 333 | anuga.log.critical('%s,%.3f,%.3f' |
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[7998] | 334 | % ('dcrit 1 , dcit2 =',dcrit1,dcrit2)) |
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[8002] | 335 | anuga.log.critical('%s,%.3f,%.3f,%.3f' |
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[7998] | 336 | % ('Q and Velocity and Depth=', Q, |
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| 337 | culvert_velocity, outlet_culvert_depth)) |
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| 338 | |
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[8002] | 339 | culv_froude=math.sqrt(Q**2*flow_width/(anuga.g*flow_area**3)) |
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[7998] | 340 | if local_debug =='true': |
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[8002] | 341 | anuga.log.critical('FLOW AREA = %s' % str(flow_area)) |
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| 342 | anuga.log.critical('PERIMETER = %s' % str(perimeter)) |
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| 343 | anuga.log.critical('Q final = %s' % str(Q)) |
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| 344 | anuga.log.critical('FROUDE = %s' % str(culv_froude)) |
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[7998] | 345 | |
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| 346 | # Determine momentum at the outlet |
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[8002] | 347 | barrel_velocity = Q/(flow_area + anuga.velocity_protection/flow_area) |
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[7998] | 348 | |
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| 349 | else: # self.inflow.get_average_height() < 0.01: |
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| 350 | Q = barrel_velocity = outlet_culvert_depth = 0.0 |
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| 351 | |
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| 352 | # Temporary flow limit |
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| 353 | if barrel_velocity > self.max_velocity: |
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| 354 | barrel_velocity = self.max_velocity |
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| 355 | Q = flow_area * barrel_velocity |
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| 356 | |
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| 357 | return Q, barrel_velocity, outlet_culvert_depth |
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| 358 | |
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| 359 | |
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| 360 | |
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| 361 | |
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