Changeset 7219

Timestamp:

Jun 18, 2009, 5:34:10 PM (16 years ago)

Author:

ole

Message:

Updated eyewitness sections

File:

• anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008/patong_validation.tex (modified) (10 diffs)

anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008/patong_validation.tex

@@ -52 +52 @@
 influence of inundation extent. Sensitivity analysis also showed that
 the model predictions are comparatively insensitive to large changes
-in friction and small perturbations in wave weight at the 100m depth
+in friction and small perturbations in wave weight at the 100 m depth
 contour.
 % to be added when submitted to ocean dynamics
@@ -372 +372 @@
 Human made build and structures can significantly effect tsunami
 inundation. The location and size and number of floors of the
-buildings in Patong Bay were extracted from a GIS data set provide by
-the CCOP in Thailand (\cite{FIXME from RICHARD}). The heights of these
+buildings in Patong Bay were extracted from a GIS data set provided by
+the CCOP in Thailand (see acknowledgements at the end of this paper). 
+The heights of these
 buildings were estimated assuming that each floor has a height of 3 m.
 
@@ -389 +390 @@
 al~\cite{szczucinski06} for further details.
 
-\subsubsection{Eyewitness Accounts}
-FIXME (Ole): I think we should move this to where the results are
-presented.  Eyewitness accounts detailed in~\cite{papadopoulos06}
+\subsubsection{Eyewitness Accounts}\label{sec:eyewitness data}
+Eyewitness accounts detailed in~\cite{papadopoulos06}
 report that most people at Patong Beach observed an initial retreat of
 the shoreline of more than 100 m followed a few minutes later by a
@@ -399 +399 @@
 minutes after the source rupture (09:55am to 10:05am local time).
 
-Two videos were sourced from the internet (FIXME: Where?) which
-include footage of the tsunami in Patong Bay on the day of the Indian
-Ocean Tsunami. Both videos show an already inundated group of
-buildings, they then show what is to be assumed as the second and
-third waves approaching and further flooding the town. The first video
-is in the very north filmed from what is believed to be the roof of
-the Novotel Hotel marked 'North' in Figure
+Two videos were sourced from the internet (FIXME: Richar is chasing
+this up) which include footage of the tsunami in Patong Bay on the day
+of the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Both videos show an already inundated
+group of buildings, they then show what is to be assumed as the second
+and third waves approaching and further flooding the buildings and
+street.  The first video is in the very north filmed from what is
+believed to be the roof of the Novotel Hotel marked 'North' in Figure
 \ref{fig:gauge_locations}. The second video is in the very south
-filmed from a building next door to the Comfort Resort near the corner
-of Ruam Chai St and FIXME(Ole): XXXX.  This location is marked 'south'
-in Figure \ref{fig:gauge_locations} and Figure~\ref{fig:video_flow}
-shows stills from this video. Both videos were used to estimate flow
-speeds and inundation dephts over time.
+filmed from the second story of a building next door to the Comfort
+Resort near the corner of Ruam Chai St and Thaweewong Road.  This
+location is marked 'south' in Figure \ref{fig:gauge_locations} and
+Figure~\ref{fig:video_flow} shows stills from this video. Both videos
+were used to estimate flow speeds and inundation dephts over time.
 
 \begin{figure}[ht]
@@ -429 +429 @@
 were found to be in the range of 5 to 7 metres per second (+/- 2 m/s)
 in the north and 0.5 to 2 metres per second (+/- 1 m/s) in the south.
+Water depths could also
+be estimated from the videos by the level at which water rose up the
+sides of buildings such as shops. Our estimates are in the order of
+1.5 to 2.0 metres (+/- 0.5 m). 
+Fritz ~\cite{fritz06} performed a detailed
+analysis of video frames taken around Banda Aceh and arrived at flow
+speeds in the range of 2 to 5 m/s.
 
 \begin{figure}[ht]
@@ -810 +817 @@
 timeseries are shown in Figure \ref{fig:onshore_timeseries}. The
 latter coincide with locations where video footage from the event is
-available.
+available as described in Section \ref{sec:eyewitness data}.
 
 \begin{figure}[ht]
@@ -839 +846 @@
 \end{figure}
 
-FIXME(Ole): This is a repetition of an earlier section. I'll look at
-that soon.  
-Crude flow rates can be estimated with landmarks found in
-satellite imagery and the use of a GIS and were found to be in the
-range of 5 to 7 metres per second (+/- 2 m/s) in the north and 0.5 to
-2 metres per second (+/- 1 m/s) in the south. This is in agreement
-with results from our simulations. Our modelled flow rates show
-maximum values in the order of 0.2 to 2.6 m/s in the south and 0.1 to
-3.3 m/s for the north as shown in the figures. Water depths could also
-be estimated from the videos by the level at which water rose up the
-sides of buildings such as shops. Our estimates are in the order of
-1.5 to 2.0 metres (+/- 0.5 m). This is in the same range as our
-modelled maximum depths of 1.4 m in the north and 1.5 m in the south
-as seen in the figure. Fritz ~\cite{fritz06} performed a detailed
-analysis of video frames taken around Banda Aceh and arrived at flow
-speeds in the range of 2 to 5 m/s.
+
+The estimated depths and flow rates given in Section \ref{sec:eyewitness data} are shown
+together with the modelled depths and flow rates obtained from the model in 
+Table \ref{tab:depth and flow comparisons}.
+
+\begin{table}
+\[
+  \begin{array}{|l|cc|cc|} 
+  \hline
+                 & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\mbox{Depth [m]}} 
+                 & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\mbox{Flow [m/s]}} \\ 
+                 & \mbox{Observed} & \mbox{Modelled}
+                 & \mbox{Observed} & \mbox{Modelled} \\ \cline{2-5}                 
+    \mbox{North} & 1.5-2 & 1.4 & 5-7 & 0.1 - 3.3 \\
+    \mbox{South} & 1.5-2 & 1.5 & 0.5-2 & 0.2 - 2.6 \\ \hline
+  \end{array} 
+\]
+\label{tab:depth and flow comparisons}
+\end{table} 
+
+%can be estimated with landmarks found in
+%satellite imagery and the use of a GIS and were found to be in the
+%range of 5 to 7 metres per second (+/- 2 m/s) in the north and 0.5 to
+%2 metres per second (+/- 1 m/s) in the south. 
+
+Given the uncertainties in both model and observations, there is agreement
+between the values obtained from the videos and the simulations.
+
+% Our modelled flow rates show
+%maximum values in the order of 0.2 to 2.6 m/s in the south and 0.1 to
+%3.3 m/s for the north as shown in the figures. Water depths could also
+%be estimated from the videos by the level at which water rose up the
+%sides of buildings such as shops. Our estimates are in the order of
+%1.5 to 2.0 metres (+/- 0.5 m). This is in the same range as our
+%modelled maximum depths of 1.4 m in the north and 1.5 m in the south
+%as seen in the figure. 
+
 
 
@@ -863 +891 @@
 \label{sec:sensitivity}
 This section investigates the effect of different values of Manning's
-friction coefficient, changing waveheight at the 100m depth contour,
+friction coefficient, changing waveheight at the 100 m depth contour,
 and the presence and absence of buildings in the elevation dataset on
 model maximum inundation.
@@ -958 +986 @@
 
 A simple sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of
-small changes in friction, wave-height at the 100m depth contour and
+small changes in friction, wave-height at the 100 m depth contour and
 the presence of buildings and other structures on the model
 predictions. The presence of buildings has the greatest influence on
@@ -970 +998 @@
 of Mathematics, The Australian National University. The authors would
 like to thank Niran Chaimanee from the CCOP, Thailand for providing
-the post 2004 tsunami survey data and the elevation data for Patong
-beach, Prapasri Asawakun from the Suranaree University of Technology
-and Parida Kuneepong for supporting this work; and Drew Whitehouse
-from the Australian National University for preparing the animation.
+the post 2004 tsunami survey data, building footprints, aereal
+photography and the elevation data for Patong beach, Prapasri Asawakun
+from the Suranaree University of Technology and Parida Kuneepong for
+supporting this work; and Drew Whitehouse from the Australian National
+University for preparing the animation.
 
 \section{Appendix}