Ignore:
Timestamp:
Jun 23, 2009, 11:32:43 AM (16 years ago)
Author:
ole
Message:

Minor fixes and formatting.
Enlarged figures and removed multiple displays of the reference model.

Location:
anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008
Files:
2 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008/patong_validation.tex

    r7241 r7249  
    7171effectiveness of hazard mitigation procedures and the economic impact
    7272of such measures and the event itself. Here we focus on modelling of
    73 the physical processes. For discussion on economic and decision based
    74 models refer to~\cite{} and the references therein.
     73the physical processes.
     74%OLE: I commented this out 23 June 2009 as there was no reference.
     75%For discussion on economic and decision based
     76%models refer to~\cite{} and the references therein.
    7577
    7678Various approaches are currently used to assess the potential impact
    … …  
    130132tsunamis pose greatest threat. The resulting lack of data has limited
    131133the number of field data sets available to validate tsunami
    132 models. Synolakis et. al~\cite{synolakis07} have developed a set of
     134models. Synolakis et al~\cite{synolakis07} have developed a set of
    133135standards, criteria and procedures for evaluating numerical models of
    134136tsunami. They propose three analytical solutions to help identify the
    … …  
    154156In this paper we develop a field data benchmark to be used in
    155157conjunction with the other tests proposed by Synolakis et
    156 al.~\cite{synolakis07} to validate and verify tsunami models. Unlike
     158al~\cite{synolakis07} to validate and verify tsunami models. Unlike
    157159the aforementioned tests, the proposed benchmark allows evaluation of
    158160model structure during all three distinctive stages of the evolution
    … …  
    497499deformation from an earthquake at depth. Most approaches model the
    498500earthquake as a dislocation in a linear, elastic medium. Here we use
    499 the method of Wang et. al.~\cite{wang03}. One of the main advantages
     501the method of Wang et al~\cite{wang03}. One of the main advantages
    500502of their method is that it allows the dislocation to be located in a
    501503stratified linear elastic half-space with an arbitrary number of
    … …  
    537539parameters used here to simulate the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami were
    538540taken from the slip model G-M9.15 from Chlieh
    539 et. al.~\cite{chlieh07}. This model was created by inversion of wide
     541et al~\cite{chlieh07}. This model was created by inversion of wide
    540542range of geodetic and seismic data. The slip model consists of 686
    54154320km x 20km subsegments each with a different slip, strike and dip
    542544angle. The dip subfaults go from $17.5^0$ in the north and $12^0$ in
    543 the south. Refer to Chlieh et. al.~\cite{chlieh07} for a detailed
     545the south. Refer to Chlieh et al~\cite{chlieh07} for a detailed
    544546discussion of this model and its derivation. Note that the geodetic
    545547data used in the validation was also included by~\cite{chlieh07} in
    … …  
    548550show that the crustal deformation and elastic properties model used
    549551here is at least as valid as the one used by Chlieh
    550 et. al.~\cite{chlieh07} and can reproduce the observations just as
     552et al~\cite{chlieh07} and can reproduce the observations just as
    551553accurately.
    552554
    … …  
    599601into local one-dimensional problems. These local Riemann problems are
    600602then solved using the semi-discrete central-upwind scheme of Kurganov
    601 et al.~\cite{kurganov01} for solving one-dimensional conservation
     603et al~\cite{kurganov01} for solving one-dimensional conservation
    602604equations. The numerical scheme is presented in detail in Zoppou and
    603605Roberts~\cite{zoppou99}, Roberts and Zoppou~\cite{roberts00}, and
    604 Nielsen et al.~\cite{nielsen05}. An important capability of the
     606Nielsen et al~\cite{nielsen05}. An important capability of the
    605607software is that it can model the process of wetting and drying as
    606608water enters and leaves an area. This means that it is suitable for
    … …  
    767769reasonable
    768770
    769 %FIXME (Ole): Perhaps rephrase a bit as the 1cm vs 10cm is hard to
    770 %understand.  Remove figure using 1cm inundation
    771771Maximum onshore inundation elevation was computed from the model
    772772throughout the entire Patong Bay region.
    … …  
    798798\begin{figure}[ht]
    799799\begin{center}
    800 \includegraphics[width=5.0cm,keepaspectratio=true]{final_1cm.jpg}
    801 \includegraphics[width=5.0cm,keepaspectratio=true]{final_10cm.jpg}
     800\includegraphics[width=6.0cm,keepaspectratio=true]{final_1cm.jpg}
     801\includegraphics[width=6.0cm,keepaspectratio=true]{final_10cm.jpg}
    802802\caption{Simulated inundation versus observed inundation using an
    803803inundation threshold of 1cm (left) and 10cm (right).}
    … …  
    843843\begin{figure}[ht]
    844844\begin{center}
    845 \includegraphics[width=7.0cm,keepaspectratio=true]{gauge_locations.jpg}
     845\includegraphics[width=8.0cm,keepaspectratio=true]{gauge_locations.jpg}
    846846\caption{Location of timeseries extracted from the model output}
    847847\label{fig:gauge_locations}
    … …  
    954954will have greater impact. However, this value is generally well
    955955predicted by the generation and propagation models such as
    956 \textsc{ursga}. See e.g. \cite{} FIXME Toshi Baba's validation study at
    957 Kuril islands.
     956\textsc{ursga}. See e.g.\ \cite{thomas2009}.
    958957
    959958
    … …  
    963962The presence of buildings has the greatest influence on the maximum
    964963on-shore inundation extent. Figure~\ref{fig:sensitivity_nobuildings}
    965 shows the maximum run-up in the presence and absence of buildings. It
     964shows the maximum run-up and associated flow speeds in the presence and absence of buildings. It
    966965is apparent that the inundation is much more severe when the presence
    967 of man made structures and buildings are ignored. Maximal flow speeds
    968 for these two model parameterisations are shown in
    969 Figure~\ref{fig:sensitivity_nobuildings_speed}.
     966of man made structures and buildings are ignored.
    970967
    971968\begin{table}
    … …  
    10321029from the Suranaree University of Technology and Parida Kuneepong for
    10331030supporting this work; and Drew Whitehouse from the Australian National
    1034 University for preparing the animation.
    1035 
     1031University for preparing the animation of the inundation model.
     1032
     1033\clearpage
    10361034\section{Appendix}
    1037 \begin{figure}[ht]
    1038 \begin{center}
    1039 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_reference_depth}
    1040 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_minus10cm_depth}
    1041 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_plus10cm_depth}
     1035
     1036This appendix present the images used to asses the model sensitivities described in
     1037Section~\ref{sec:sensitivity}.
     1038
     1039\begin{figure}[ht]
     1040\begin{center}
     1041\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_reference_depth}
     1042\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_reference_speed}
     1043\caption{Results from reference model as reported in Section \protect \ref{sec:results},
     1044  i.e.\ including buildings and a friction value of 0.01. The seaward boundary condition is as
     1045  provided by the URSGA model. The left image shows the maximum
     1046  modelled depth while the right hand image shows the maximum modelled
     1047  flow velocities.}
     1048\label{fig:reference_model}
     1049\end{center}
     1050\end{figure}
     1051
     1052
     1053
     1054\begin{figure}[ht]
     1055\begin{center}
     1056\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_minus10cm_depth}
     1057\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_plus10cm_depth}
    10421058\caption{Model results with wave height at ANUGA boundary artificially
    1043   modified to asses sensitivities. The first image is the reference
    1044   inundation extent as reported in Section \protect \ref{sec:results}
    1045   while the second and third show the inundation results if the wave
    1046   at the ANUGA boundary is reduced or increased by 10cm
    1047   respectively. The inundation severity varies in proportion to the
    1048   boundary waveheight, but the model results are only slightly
    1049   sensitive to this parameter for the range of values tested.}
     1059  modified to asses sensitivities. The reference inundation extent is shown in Figure
     1060  \protect \ref{fig:reference_model} (left).  The left and right images
     1061  show the inundation results if the wave at the ANUGA boundary
     1062  is reduced or increased by 10cm respectively. The inundation
     1063  severity varies in proportion to the boundary waveheight, but the
     1064  model results are only slightly sensitive to this parameter for the
     1065  range of values tested.}
    10501066\label{fig:sensitivity_boundary}
    10511067\end{center}
    … …  
    10551071\begin{figure}[ht]
    10561072\begin{center}
    1057 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_reference_speed}
    1058 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_minus10cm_speed}
    1059 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_plus10cm_speed}
    1060 \caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations found in  Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_boundary}.}
     1073\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_minus10cm_speed}
     1074\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_plus10cm_speed}
     1075\caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations
     1076  found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_boundary}. The
     1077  reference flow speeds are shown in Figure \protect
     1078  \ref{fig:reference_model} (right).}
    10611079\label{fig:sensitivity_boundary_speed}
    10621080\end{center}
    … …  
    10651083\begin{figure}[ht]
    10661084\begin{center}
    1067 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_reference_depth}
    1068 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_nobuildings_depth}
     1085\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_nobuildings_depth}
     1086\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_nobuildings_speed}
    10691087\caption{This figure shows the effect of having buildings as part of
    1070   the elevation data set.  The first image is the reference inundation
    1071   extent as reported in Section \protect \ref{sec:results} where
    1072   buildings were included. The second shows the inundation results for
     1088  the elevation data set.
     1089  The left hand image shows the inundation depth results for
    10731090  a model entirely without buildings.  As expected, the absence of
    10741091  buildings will increase the inundation extent beyond what was
    1075   surveyed.}
     1092  surveyed. The right hand image shows the corresponding flow speeds in the absence of buildings. 
     1093  The reference results are as shown in Figure
     1094  \protect \ref{fig:reference_model}.}
    10761095\label{fig:sensitivity_nobuildings}
    10771096\end{center}
    … …  
    10811100\begin{figure}[ht]
    10821101\begin{center}
    1083 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_reference_speed}
    1084 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_nobuildings_speed}
    1085 \caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations
    1086   found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_nobuildings}.}
    1087 \label{fig:sensitivity_nobuildings_speed}
    1088 \end{center}
    1089 \end{figure}
    1090 
    1091 \begin{figure}[ht]
    1092 \begin{center}
    1093 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_reference_depth}
    1094 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_f0_0003_depth}
    1095 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_f0_03_depth}
     1102\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_f0_0003_depth}
     1103\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_f0_03_depth}
    10961104\caption{Model results for different values of Manning's friction
    1097   coefficient. The first image is the reference inundation extent as
    1098   reported in Section \protect \ref{sec:results} where the friction
    1099   value $0.01$ was used across the entire domain while the second and
    1100   third show the inundation results for friction values of 0.0003 and
     1105  coefficient shown to asses sensitivities. The reference inundation extent for a
     1106  friction value of 0.01 is shown in Figure
     1107  \protect \ref{fig:reference_model} (left).  The left and right images
     1108  show the inundation results for friction values of 0.0003 and
    11011109  0.03 respectively. The inundation extent increases for the lower
    11021110  friction value while the higher slows the flow and decreases the
    … …  
    11101118\begin{figure}[ht]
    11111119\begin{center}
    1112 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_reference_speed}
    1113 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_f0_0003_speed}
    1114 \includegraphics[width=3.5cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_f0_03_speed}
    1115 \caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_friction}.}
     1120\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_f0_0003_speed}
     1121\includegraphics[width=6cm,keepaspectratio=true]{sensitivity_f0_03_speed}
     1122\caption{The maximal flow speeds for the same model parameterisations
     1123  found in Figure \protect \ref{fig:sensitivity_friction}. The
     1124  reference flow speeds are shown in Figure \protect
     1125  \ref{fig:reference_model} (right).}
    11161126\label{fig:sensitivity_friction_speed}
    11171127\end{center}

  • anuga_work/publications/boxing_day_validation_2008/tsunami07.bib

    r7210 r7249  
    123123@ARTICLE{toro92,
    124124  AUTHOR = {E.F. Toro},
    125   TITLE = {Reimann problems and the {WAF} method for solving the
     125  TITLE = {Riemann problems and the {WAF} method for solving the
    126126two-dimensional shallow water equations},
    127127  YEAR = {1992},
    … …  
    11111111PAGES = {793--810}
    11121112}
     1113
     1114@TechReport{thomas2009,
     1115author = {Thomas, C. and Burbidge, D.},
     1116title = {A Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment of the Southwest Pacific Nations.},
     1117institution = {Geoscience Australia Professional Opinion No. 2009/2. GeoCat No. 68193},
     1118year = {2009}
     1119}
Note: See TracChangeset for help on using the changeset viewer.