| 1 | import anuga |
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| 2 | import math |
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| 3 | import types |
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| 4 | |
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| 5 | class Boyd_pipe_operator(anuga.Structure_operator): |
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| 6 | """Culvert flow - transfer water from one location to another via a circular pipe culvert. |
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| 7 | Sets up the geometry of problem |
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| 8 | |
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| 9 | This is the base class for culverts. Inherit from this class (and overwrite |
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| 10 | compute_discharge method for specific subclasses) |
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| 11 | |
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| 12 | Input: Two points, pipe_size (diameter), |
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| 13 | mannings_rougness, |
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| 14 | """ |
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| 15 | |
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| 16 | def __init__(self, |
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| 17 | domain, |
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| 18 | losses, |
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| 19 | end_points=None, |
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| 20 | exchange_lines=None, |
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| 21 | enquiry_points=None, |
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| 22 | diameter=None, |
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| 23 | apron=0.1, |
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| 24 | manning=0.013, |
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| 25 | enquiry_gap=0.2, |
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| 26 | use_momentum_jet=True, |
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| 27 | use_velocity_head=True, |
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| 28 | description=None, |
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| 29 | label=None, |
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| 30 | structure_type='boyd_pipe', |
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| 31 | logging=False, |
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| 32 | verbose=False): |
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| 33 | |
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| 34 | anuga.Structure_operator.__init__(self, |
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| 35 | domain, |
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| 36 | end_points, |
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| 37 | exchange_lines, |
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| 38 | enquiry_points, |
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| 39 | width=diameter, |
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| 40 | depth=None, |
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| 41 | apron=apron, |
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| 42 | manning=manning, |
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| 43 | enquiry_gap=enquiry_gap, |
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| 44 | description=description, |
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| 45 | label=label, |
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| 46 | structure_type=structure_type, |
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| 47 | logging=logging, |
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| 48 | verbose=verbose) |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | |
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| 51 | if type(losses) == types.DictType: |
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| 52 | self.sum_loss = sum(losses.values()) |
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| 53 | elif type(losses) == types.ListType: |
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| 54 | self.sum_loss = sum(losses) |
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| 55 | else: |
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| 56 | self.sum_loss = losses |
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| 57 | |
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| 58 | self.use_momentum_jet = use_momentum_jet |
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| 59 | self.use_velocity_head = use_velocity_head |
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| 60 | |
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| 61 | self.culvert_length = self.get_culvert_length() |
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| 62 | self.culvert_diameter = self.get_culvert_diameter() |
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| 63 | |
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| 64 | self.max_velocity = 10.0 |
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| 65 | |
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| 66 | self.inlets = self.get_inlets() |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | # Stats |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | self.discharge = 0.0 |
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| 71 | self.velocity = 0.0 |
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| 72 | |
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| 73 | self.case = 'N/A' |
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| 74 | |
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| 75 | |
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| 76 | def __determine_inflow_outflow(self): |
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| 77 | # Determine flow direction based on total energy difference |
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| 78 | |
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| 79 | if self.use_velocity_head: |
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| 80 | self.delta_total_energy = self.inlets[0].get_enquiry_total_energy() - self.inlets[1].get_enquiry_total_energy() |
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| 81 | else: |
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| 82 | self.delta_total_energy = self.inlets[0].get_enquiry_stage() - self.inlets[1].get_enquiry_stage() |
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| 83 | |
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| 84 | self.inflow = self.inlets[0] |
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| 85 | self.outflow = self.inlets[1] |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | if self.delta_total_energy < 0: |
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| 88 | self.inflow = self.inlets[1] |
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| 89 | self.outflow = self.inlets[0] |
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| 90 | self.delta_total_energy = -self.delta_total_energy |
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| 91 | |
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| 92 | def discharge_routine(self): |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | self.__determine_inflow_outflow() |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | local_debug ='false' |
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| 97 | |
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| 98 | #import pdb |
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| 99 | #pdb.set_trace() |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | if self.inflow.get_enquiry_depth() > 0.01: #this value was 0.01: Remember this needs to be compared to the Invert Lvl |
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| 102 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 103 | anuga.log.critical('Specific E & Deltat Tot E = %s, %s' |
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| 104 | % (str(self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy()), |
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| 105 | str(self.delta_total_energy))) |
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| 106 | anuga.log.critical('culvert type = %s' % str(culvert_type)) |
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| 107 | # Water has risen above inlet |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | |
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| 110 | msg = 'Specific energy at inlet is negative' |
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| 111 | assert self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy() >= 0.0, msg |
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| 112 | |
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| 113 | if self.use_velocity_head : |
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| 114 | self.driving_energy = self.inflow.get_enquiry_specific_energy() |
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| 115 | else: |
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| 116 | self.driving_energy = self.inflow.get_enquiry_depth() |
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| 117 | """ |
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| 118 | For a circular pipe the Boyd method reviews 3 conditions |
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| 119 | 1. Whether the Pipe Inlet is Unsubmerged (acting as weir flow into the inlet) |
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| 120 | 2. Whether the Pipe Inlet is Fully Submerged (acting as an Orifice) |
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| 121 | 3. Whether the energy loss in the pipe results in the Pipe being controlled by Channel Flow of the Pipe |
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| 122 | |
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| 123 | For these conditions we also would like to assess the pipe flow characteristics as it leaves the pipe |
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| 124 | """ |
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| 125 | |
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| 126 | diameter = self.culvert_diameter |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | local_debug ='false' |
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| 129 | if self.inflow.get_average_depth() > 0.01: #this should test against invert |
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| 130 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 131 | anuga.log.critical('Specific E & Deltat Tot E = %s, %s' |
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| 132 | % (str(self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy()), |
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| 133 | str(self.delta_total_energy))) |
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| 134 | anuga.log.critical('culvert type = %s' % str(culvert_type)) |
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| 135 | # Water has risen above inlet |
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| 136 | |
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| 137 | |
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| 138 | msg = 'Specific energy at inlet is negative' |
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| 139 | assert self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy() >= 0.0, msg |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | # Calculate flows for inlet control for circular pipe |
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| 142 | Q_inlet_unsubmerged = 0.421*anuga.g**0.5*diameter**0.87*self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy()**1.63 # Inlet Ctrl Inlet Unsubmerged |
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| 143 | Q_inlet_submerged = 0.530*anuga.g**0.5*diameter**1.87*self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy()**0.63 # Inlet Ctrl Inlet Submerged |
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| 144 | # Note for to SUBMERGED TO OCCUR self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy() should be > 1.2 x diameter.... Should Check !!! |
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| 145 | |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | Q = min(Q_inlet_unsubmerged, Q_inlet_submerged) |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | # THE LOWEST Value will Control Calcs From here |
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| 150 | # Calculate Critical Depth Based on the Adopted Flow as an Estimate |
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| 151 | dcrit1 = diameter/1.26*(Q/anuga.g**0.5*diameter**2.5)**(1/3.75) |
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| 152 | dcrit2 = diameter/0.95*(Q/anuga.g**0.5*diameter**2.5)**(1/1.95) |
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| 153 | # From Boyd Paper ESTIMATE of Dcrit has 2 criteria as |
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| 154 | if dcrit1/diameter > 0.85: |
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| 155 | outlet_culvert_depth = dcrit2 |
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| 156 | else: |
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| 157 | outlet_culvert_depth = dcrit1 |
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| 158 | #outlet_culvert_depth = min(outlet_culvert_depth, diameter) |
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| 159 | # Now determine Hydraulic Radius Parameters Area & Wetted Perimeter |
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| 160 | if outlet_culvert_depth >= diameter: |
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| 161 | outlet_culvert_depth = diameter # Once again the pipe is flowing full not partfull |
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| 162 | flow_area = (diameter/2)**2 * math.pi # Cross sectional area of flow in the culvert |
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| 163 | perimeter = diameter * math.pi |
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| 164 | flow_width= diameter |
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| 165 | self.case = 'Inlet CTRL Outlet submerged Circular PIPE FULL' |
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| 166 | if local_debug == 'true': |
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| 167 | anuga.log.critical('Inlet CTRL Outlet submerged Circular ' |
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| 168 | 'PIPE FULL') |
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| 169 | else: |
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| 170 | #alpha = anuga.acos(1 - outlet_culvert_depth/diameter) # Where did this Come From ????/ |
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| 171 | alpha = anuga.acos(1-2*outlet_culvert_depth/diameter)*2 |
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| 172 | #flow_area = diameter**2 * (alpha - sin(alpha)*cos(alpha)) # Pipe is Running Partly Full at the INLET WHRE did this Come From ????? |
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| 173 | flow_area = diameter**2/8*(alpha - math.sin(alpha)) # Equation from GIECK 5th Ed. Pg. B3 |
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| 174 | flow_width= diameter*math.sin(alpha/2.0) |
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| 175 | perimeter = alpha*diameter/2.0 |
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| 176 | self.case = 'INLET CTRL Culvert is open channel flow we will for now assume critical depth' |
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| 177 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 178 | anuga.log.critical('INLET CTRL Culvert is open channel flow ' |
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| 179 | 'we will for now assume critical depth') |
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| 180 | anuga.log.critical('Q Outlet Depth and ALPHA = %s, %s, %s' |
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| 181 | % (str(Q), str(outlet_culvert_depth), |
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| 182 | str(alpha))) |
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| 183 | if self.delta_total_energy < self.inflow.get_average_specific_energy(): # OUTLET CONTROL !!!! |
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| 184 | # Calculate flows for outlet control |
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| 185 | |
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| 186 | # Determine the depth at the outlet relative to the depth of flow in the Culvert |
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| 187 | if self.outflow.get_average_depth() > diameter: # Outlet is submerged Assume the end of the Pipe is flowing FULL |
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| 188 | outlet_culvert_depth=diameter |
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| 189 | flow_area = (diameter/2)**2 * math.pi # Cross sectional area of flow in the culvert |
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| 190 | perimeter = diameter * math.pi |
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| 191 | flow_width= diameter |
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| 192 | self.case = 'Outlet submerged' |
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| 193 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 194 | anuga.log.critical('Outlet submerged') |
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| 195 | else: # Culvert running PART FULL for PART OF ITS LENGTH Here really should use the Culvert Slope to calculate Actual Culvert Depth & Velocity |
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| 196 | # IF self.outflow.get_average_depth() < diameter |
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| 197 | dcrit1 = diameter/1.26*(Q/anuga.g**0.5*diameter**2.5)**(1/3.75) |
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| 198 | dcrit2 = diameter/0.95*(Q/anuga.g**0.5*diameter**2.5)**(1/1.95) |
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| 199 | if dcrit1/diameter >0.85: |
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| 200 | outlet_culvert_depth= dcrit2 |
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| 201 | else: |
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| 202 | outlet_culvert_depth = dcrit1 |
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| 203 | if outlet_culvert_depth > diameter: |
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| 204 | outlet_culvert_depth = diameter # Once again the pipe is flowing full not partfull |
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| 205 | flow_area = (diameter/2)**2 * math.pi # Cross sectional area of flow in the culvert |
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| 206 | perimeter = diameter * math.pi |
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| 207 | flow_width= diameter |
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| 208 | self.case = 'Outlet unsubmerged PIPE FULL' |
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| 209 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 210 | anuga.log.critical('Outlet unsubmerged PIPE FULL') |
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| 211 | else: |
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| 212 | alpha = anuga.acos(1-2*outlet_culvert_depth/diameter)*2 |
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| 213 | flow_area = diameter**2/8*(alpha - math.sin(alpha)) # Equation from GIECK 5th Ed. Pg. B3 |
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| 214 | flow_width= diameter*math.sin(alpha/2.0) |
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| 215 | perimeter = alpha*diameter/2.0 |
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| 216 | self.case = 'Outlet is open channel flow we will for now assume critical depth' |
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| 217 | if local_debug == 'true': |
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| 218 | anuga.log.critical('Q Outlet Depth and ALPHA = %s, %s, %s' |
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| 219 | % (str(Q), str(outlet_culvert_depth), |
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| 220 | str(alpha))) |
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| 221 | anuga.log.critical('Outlet is open channel flow we ' |
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| 222 | 'will for now assume critical depth') |
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| 223 | if local_debug == 'true': |
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| 224 | anuga.log.critical('FLOW AREA = %s' % str(flow_area)) |
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| 225 | anuga.log.critical('PERIMETER = %s' % str(perimeter)) |
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| 226 | anuga.log.critical('Q Interim = %s' % str(Q)) |
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| 227 | hyd_rad = flow_area/perimeter |
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| 228 | |
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| 229 | |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | # Outlet control velocity using tail water |
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| 232 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 233 | anuga.log.critical('GOT IT ALL CALCULATING Velocity') |
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| 234 | anuga.log.critical('HydRad = %s' % str(hyd_rad)) |
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| 235 | # Calculate Pipe Culvert Outlet Control Velocity.... May need initial Estimate First ?? |
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| 236 | |
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| 237 | culvert_velocity = math.sqrt(self.delta_total_energy/((self.sum_loss/2/anuga.g)+(self.manning**2*self.culvert_length)/hyd_rad**1.33333)) |
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| 238 | Q_outlet_tailwater = flow_area * culvert_velocity |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | |
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| 241 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 242 | anuga.log.critical('VELOCITY = %s' % str(culvert_velocity)) |
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| 243 | anuga.log.critical('Outlet Ctrl Q = %s' % str(Q_outlet_tailwater)) |
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| 244 | |
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| 245 | Q = min(Q, Q_outlet_tailwater) |
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| 246 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 247 | anuga.log.critical('%s,%.3f,%.3f' |
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| 248 | % ('dcrit 1 , dcit2 =',dcrit1,dcrit2)) |
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| 249 | anuga.log.critical('%s,%.3f,%.3f,%.3f' |
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| 250 | % ('Q and Velocity and Depth=', Q, |
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| 251 | culvert_velocity, outlet_culvert_depth)) |
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| 252 | |
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| 253 | culv_froude=math.sqrt(Q**2*flow_width/(anuga.g*flow_area**3)) |
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| 254 | if local_debug =='true': |
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| 255 | anuga.log.critical('FLOW AREA = %s' % str(flow_area)) |
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| 256 | anuga.log.critical('PERIMETER = %s' % str(perimeter)) |
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| 257 | anuga.log.critical('Q final = %s' % str(Q)) |
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| 258 | anuga.log.critical('FROUDE = %s' % str(culv_froude)) |
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| 259 | |
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| 260 | # Determine momentum at the outlet |
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| 261 | barrel_velocity = Q/(flow_area + anuga.velocity_protection/flow_area) |
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| 262 | |
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| 263 | else: # self.inflow.get_average_depth() < 0.01: |
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| 264 | Q = barrel_velocity = outlet_culvert_depth = 0.0 |
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| 265 | |
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| 266 | # Temporary flow limit |
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| 267 | if barrel_velocity > self.max_velocity: |
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| 268 | barrel_velocity = self.max_velocity |
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| 269 | Q = flow_area * barrel_velocity |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | return Q, barrel_velocity, outlet_culvert_depth |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | |
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| 275 | |
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